Identifying matrix metalloproteinase-12 substrates as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTools Mallia-Milanes, Brendan (2015) Identifying matrix metalloproteinase-12 substrates as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
AbstractChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third commonest cause of death worldwide. Its natural course is a decline in lung function, punctuated by exacerbations, leading to premature death. COPD pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The disease is widely accepted to result from an excess protease over protective anti-protease activity, leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) damage in the lungs. However, this belief is oversimplified since both harmful pro-inflammatory and protective anti-inflammatory roles are now described for proteases in animal and cell culture models. Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 was originally implicated in COPD by its degradation of elastin in the lung ECM. However, newer in vitro evidence reveals MMP-12 to target substrates outside the ECM. Given these newer findings it was hypothesized that MMP-12 cleaves non-ECM proteins in COPD which may contribute to the disease process. This hypothesis was addressed initially using a candidate-based approach, by testing osteopontin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor as potential MMP-12 substrates. However, these proved to be neutrophil elastase targets. Next, a novel proteomic technique called TAILS (Terminal Amine Isotopic Labelling of Substrates) was employed to identify potential MMP-12 substrates using a Mmpl2-/-smoking mouse model. This led to the discovery of new non-ECM MMP-12 substrates in the mouse model. Next, these findings were translated to human COPD sputum to identify potential MMP-12 targets in COPD, both at exacerbation and during stable disease. Similarly, within human COPD sputum non-ECM MMP-12 substrates were discovered, of particular interest, complement factor C3 and the anticoagulant anti-thrombin III, revealing ever new potential roles for MMP-12 in COPD.
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