Unravelling the social formation: free trade, the state and business in TurkeyTools Avci, Akif (2019) Unravelling the social formation: free trade, the state and business in Turkey. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
AbstractThe main purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of business associations in Turkey in analysing the dialectical relationship between global free trade relations and Turkish social formation during the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, AKP) government from 2002 to 2016. A social formation composes of different power and class forces, and it is the actual site of reproduction of social relations of production. The thesis constructs a three-levels of analysis based on the social relations of production, forms of state and world order. It benefits from a neo-Gramscian analysis of imperialism theories and the uneven and combined development thesis to analyse unequal exchange relations in the context of free trade. In this regard, this study employs a neo-Gramscian understanding of the state with a specific reference to Nicos Poulantzas who was one of the most influential Marxist scholars of the late 20th century. In order to identify the historical and social specificity of the relationship between global free trade relations and Turkish social formation, the core research question of this thesis explores the role of business associations in Turkey in analysing the relationship between global free trade relations and Turkish social formation between 2002 and 2016. To unpack the core research question, sub-questions of the thesis focus on the class characteristics of these business associations in relation to the social relations of production in Turkey, the role of the Turkish state in the process of internationalisation of Turkish capital, and finally, the integration of business associations into global relations of free trade. The thesis shows that the place of business associations in Turkey in global production chains is mainly as an intermediate producer which assembles imported resources into finished goods. This has increased the dependency of Turkish business associations on the global market to reproduce the social relations of production. It also shows that business associations in Turkey have integrated into the global free trade system in different ways at different times, which has created the differences among them. It also argues that Turkish state has played both an internal and an external role in shaping and mediating the interests of different business associations. The arguments of the thesis can be tested in any social formation which is integrated into the global free trade relations at different times in different ways
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