El Khoury, Rania
(2025)
The Impact of Dietary Phosphorus on Postprandial Metabolic Responses and Markers of Metabolic Health.
PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
Abstract
Phosphorus plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, yet its impact on postprandial metabolic responses remains insufficiently explored. This dissertation investigates the relationship between dietary phosphorus and postprandial glycemia, energy expenditure, and metabolic health through a systematic review, two controlled clinical trials, and a cross-sectional analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) data.
The systematic review synthesized existing literature on phosphorus intake and metabolic outcomes, highlighting its potential effects on glucose regulation, lipidemia, and thermogenesis.
The two controlled experiments assessed the influence of dietary phosphorus on postprandial glycemic responses, diet-induced thermogenesis, and appetite regulation. Experiment 1 examined the effect of phosphorus supplementation administered alongside a refined carbohydrate test meal, while Experiment 2 investigated the impact of naturally occurring dairy phosphorus. Findings demonstrated that dietary phosphorus, in both forms, significantly modulated postprandial glucose responses and appetite-related measures. Although direct effects on core body temperature were not observed in either experiment, it is conceivable that phosphorus may have influenced thermogenesis without eliciting measurable alterations in core body temperature, especially considering its significant effect on appetite regulation.
Complementing these experimental findings, a cross-sectional analysis of the NDNS explored the associations between dietary phosphorus intake, metabolic syndrome occurrence, and its individual components. Higher phosphorus intake was linked to improved triglyceride levels, lower diastolic blood pressure, and a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome occurrence, while a weaker direct association was observed with waist circumference.
Collectively, these findings confirm the metabolic significance of dietary phosphorus, highlighting its importance in metabolic health and providing novel insights into its role in postprandial metabolic responses. Future research should aim to further investigate the mechanistic pathways underlying the observed effects of phosphorus, while accounting for its dietary sources and bioavailability within the context of human metabolism.
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