Reconciliation and restorative justice in Saudi Arabia: an empirical studyTools Almanjoomi, Khlood (2025) Reconciliation and restorative justice in Saudi Arabia: an empirical study. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
AbstractThis is an empirical exploratory study comparing reconciliation in Saudi Arabia to Western restorative justice. Through semi-structured interviews with conciliators and experts in reconciliation policy and practice, the thesis explores the intersection of reconciliation concepts and practice, placing them within the framework of restorative justice. While reconciliation in Saudi Arabia is not explicitly framed as restorative justice, its processes are deeply aligned with restorative principles, particularly the Arab-Islamic concept of Sulh, which emphasises peaceful conflict resolution. The thesis explores the aims, processes, and outcomes of reconciliation in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its role in facilitating voluntary agreements between parties outside of formal court settings. The study presents a conceptual framework for both reconciliation and restorative justice, illustrating how reconciliation in Saudi Arabia operates as a moral and social obligation, strengthening community cohesion. This thesis emphasises the value of reconciliation in Saudi Arabia, which reflects a combination of Arab-Islamic traditions that view reconciliation as “the best judgment”. It argues that the Saudi reconciliation approach is aligned with the modern restorative justice framework by empowering participants to resolve conflicts collaboratively and repair relationships. Ultimately, this thesis positions Saudi reconciliation as a case study in the broader context of restorative justice. It offers potential insight into how the concepts and practices of Saudi reconciliation as a moral and social tool that maintains relationships can inform and enrich restorative justice literature on a global scale.
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