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Dooley, Max Jordan (2021) Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy: from instrumentation to applications in monitoring bone regeneration. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

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Abstract

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a method for measuring Raman signal from much deeper within a sample than is achievable with traditional Raman spectroscopy, and relies on the diffuse scattering of photons within turbid materials. This makes SORS a promising tool in the field of medical imaging.

A SORS device was built, based around a digital micro mirror device. This allowed for the detection offset to be selected in software and gave the SORS device a huge flexibility. The instrument was then applied to the study of bone regeneration.

Using phantom samples, we investigated the feasibility of using SORS as a tool for monitoring non-invasively the mineralization of bone tissue engineering scaffold in vivo. The phantom samples consisted of 3D-printed scaffolds of poly-caprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) blends, with varying concentrations of HA, to mimic the mineralisation process. The scaffolds were covered by a 4 mm layer of skin to simulate real in vivo measurement conditions. At a concentration of HA approximately 1/3 that of bone (~0.6 g/cm3), the characteristic Raman band of HA (960 cm-1) was detectable when the PCL:HA layer was located at 14 mm depth within the scaffold (i.e. 8 mm below the skin surface), and concentrations of ~10% of bone were detectable at 4 mm depth.

We then investigated the feasibility of using SORS to monitor changes in collagen concentration at levels similar to those expected to occur in vivo during bone regeneration (0 – 0.84 g/cm3). A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was developed to quantify collagen concentration in plugs consisting of mixtures of collagen and hydroxyapatite (predictive power of ±0.16 g/cm3). The PLS model was then applied to SORS spectra acquired from rat cadavers after implanting the collagen:hydroxyapatite plugs in drilled skull defects. The PLS model successfully predicted the profile of collagen concentration, but with an increased predictive error of ±0.30 g/cm3. These results demonstrate the potential of SORS to quantify collagen concentrations in the range relevant to those occurring during new bone formation.

Item Type:	Thesis (University of Nottingham only) (PhD)
Supervisors:	Notingher, Ioan
Keywords:	Raman, Spectroscopy, Biophysics, Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC350 Optics. Light, including spectroscopy
Faculties/Schools:	UK Campuses > Faculty of Science > School of Physics and Astronomy
Item ID:	66801
Depositing User:	Dooley, Max
Date Deposited:	16 Sep 2022 09:28
Last Modified:	16 Sep 2022 09:28
URI:	https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/66801

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