Exploiting wheat ancestral introgression for increased photosynthetic productivity under contrasting environmental conditionsTools Chinnathambi, Kannan (2018) Exploiting wheat ancestral introgression for increased photosynthetic productivity under contrasting environmental conditions. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
AbstractGlobal population is expected to rise to 9 billion in another 40 years and changing climatic conditions coupled with various other abiotic and biotic stress factor have posed challenges for crop cultivars globally. Cereals like wheat, rice and maize have a central place in the human diet and require immediate attention in terms of improving yield in order to satiate the global food demand. This demand can be fulfilled by improving crop yield by exploiting natural variation in modern wheat by conventional breeding method like wheat ancestral introgression. One of the key traits that can be exploited such hybrids would be photosynthesis, ongoing debate and researcher have suggested that improving photosynthesis would be an attempt towards enhancing biomass and yield in crops like wheat and rice. In this project two different approaches were used to create interspecific hybrid, these hybrid were amphidiploids, which were created by chromosome doubling of haploid chromosome from wheat and wild relatives of wheat. First, a set of wild relatives were crossed bread wheat such as Highbury, Paragon, Chinese spring mutant, Chinese spring mutant and Pavon 76) and the amphidiploids created through these crosses where exploited for photosynthetic traits and other related physiological traits under glasshouse conditions. Second, amphidiploids created by cross using a wild relative Thinopyrum bessarabicum with durum wheat and tested in field conditions in India. Techniques like infra-red gas exchange, chlorophyll were used to assess photosynthetic performance in the glasshouse in optimal conditions and in the field under challenging environmental conditions. Along with the amphidiploids in the field conditions, a panel of 30 Indian genotypes were tested for natural variation in photosynthesis in field conditions. Almost similar set Indian genotypes were tested in glasshouse conditions in UK, to exploit the natural variation in photosynthesis. Initially, these Indian genotypes and amphidiploids grown in glasshouse as well as field conditions were screened for variation in photosynthesis. Promising lines derived from these instantaneous measurements were investigated for detailed photosynthetic measurements to understand the underlying biochemical mechanism that regulates photosynthesis and also were investigated leaf morphological and anatomical features for increased photosynthetic capacity. Here we show natural variation in photosynthesis in the amphidiploid population in both field and glasshouse conditions and range parameters that regulates photosynthetic rate in introgressed lines.
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