The contribution of PA-X to the virulence of pandemic 2009 H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virusesTools Gao, Huijie, Sun, Yipeng, Hu, Jiao, Qi, Lu, Wang, Jinliang, Xiong, Xin, Wang, Yu, He, Qiming, Lin, Yang, Kong, Weili, Seng, Lai-Giea, Sun, Honglei, Pu, Juan, Chang, Kin-Chow, Liu, Xiufan and Liu, Jinhua (2015) The contribution of PA-X to the virulence of pandemic 2009 H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Scientific Reports, 5 (1). p. 8262. ISSN 2045-2322 Full text not available from this repository.
Official URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep08262.pdf
AbstractPA-X is a novel protein encoded by PA mRNA and is found to decrease the pathogenicity of pandemic 1918 H1N1 virus in mice. However, the importance of PA-X proteins in current epidemiologically important influenza A virus strains is not known. In this study, we report on the pathogenicity and pathological effects of PA-X deficient 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. We found that loss of PA-X expression in pH1N1 and H5N1 viruses increased viral replication and apoptosis in A549 cells and increased virulence and host inflammatory response in mice. In addition, PA-X deficient pH1N1 and H5N1 viruses up-regulated PA mRNA and protein synthesis and increased viral polymerase activity. Loss of PA-X was also accompanied by accelerated nuclear accumulation of PA protein and reduced suppression of PA on non-viral protein expression. Our study highlights the effects of PA-X on the moderation of viral pathogenesis and pathogenicity.
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