2024-03-29T11:50:17Z
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi/oai2
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:60
2020-05-04T20:32:42Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636935
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/60/
Efficient Solution of Rational Conics
Cremona, John E
Rusin, David
We present efficient algorithms for solving Legendre equations over Q (equivalently, for finding rational points on rational conics) and parametrizing all solutions. Unlike existing algorithms, no integer factorization is required, provided that the prime factors of the discriminant are known.
American Mathematical Society
2001
Article
PeerReviewed
Cremona, John E and Rusin, David (2001) Efficient Solution of Rational Conics. Mathematics of Computation . (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:96
2020-05-04T20:31:29Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:53636934
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/96/
The evolution of imperfect mimicry in hoverflies
Gilbert, Francis
Ideas about the evolution of imperfect mimicry are reviewed. Their relevance to the colours patterns of hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) are discussed in detail.
Most if not all of the hoverflies labelled as mimetic actually are mimics. The apparently poor nature of their resemblance does not prevent them from obtaining at least some protection from suitably experienced birds. Mimicry is a dominant theme of this very large family of Diptera, with at least a quarter of all species in Europe being mimetic. Hoverfly mimics fall into three major groups according to their models, involving bumblebees, honeybees and social wasps. There are striking differences in the general levels of mimetic fidelity and relative abundances of the three groups, with accurate mimicry, low abundance and polymorphism characterizing the bumblebee mimics: more than half of all the species of bumblebee mimics are polymorphic. Mimics of social wasps tend to be poor mimics, have high relative abundance, and polymorphism is completely absent.
Bumblebee models fall into a small number of Muellerian mimicry rings which are very different between the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Social wasps and associated models form one large Muellerian complex. Together with honeybees, these complexes probably form real clusters of forms as perceived by many birds. All three groups of syrphid mimics contain both good and poor mimics; some mimics are remarkably accurate, and have close morphological and behavioural resemblance. At least some apparently 'poor' mimetic resemblances may be much closer in birds' perception than we imagine, and more work needs to be done on this. Bumblebees are the least noxious and wasps the most noxious of the three main model groups. The basis of noxiousness is different, with bumblebees being classified as non-food, whereas honeybees and wasps are nasty-tasting and (rarely) stinging. The distribution of mimicry is exactly what would be expected from this ordering, with polymorphic and accurate forms being a key feature of mimics of the least noxious models, while highly noxious models have poor-quality mimicry.
Even if the high abundance of many syrphid mimics relative to their models is a recent artefact of man-made environmental change, this does not preclude these species from being mimics. It seems unlikely that bird predation actually controls the populations of adult syrphids. Being rare relative to a model may have promoted or accelerated the evolution of perfect mimicry: theoretically this might account for the pattern of rare good mimics and abundant poor ones, but the idea is intrinsically unlikely. Many mimics seem to have hour-to-hour abundances related to those of their models, presumably as a result of behavioural convergence. We need to know much more about the psychology of birds as predators. There are at least four processes that need elucidating: (a) learning about the noxiousness of models; (b) the erasing of that learning through contact with mimics (extinction, or learned forgetting); (c) forgetting; (d) deliberate risk-taking and the physiological states that promote it.
Johnston's (2002) model of the stabilization of imperfect mimicry by kin selection is unlikely to account for the colour patterns of hoverflies. Sherratt's (2002) model of the influence of multiple models potentially accounts for all the patterns of hoverfly mimicry, and is the most promising avenue for testing.
CABI
Fellowes, Mark
Holloway, Graham
Rolff, Jens
2004
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Gilbert, Francis (2004) The evolution of imperfect mimicry in hoverflies. In: Insect Evolutionary Biology. CABI. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:99
2020-05-04T20:31:32Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:53636934
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/99/
Does the abundance of hoverfly mimics (Syrphidae) depend on the numbers of their hymenopteran models ?
Howarth, Brigitte
Edmunds, Malcolm
Gilbert, Francis
We tested the prediction that, if hoverflies are Batesian mimics, this may extend to behavioral mimicry such that their numerical abundance at each hour of the day (the daily activity pattern) is related to the numbers of their hymenopteran models. After accounting for site, season, microclimatic responses and for general hoverfly abundance at three sites in north-west England, the residual numbers of mimics were significantly correlated positively with their models 9 times out of 17, while 16 out of 17 relationships were positive, itself a highly significant non-random pattern. Several eristaline flies showed significant relationships with honeybees even though some of them mimic wasps or bumblebees, perhaps reflecting an ancestral resemblance to honeybees. There was no evidence that good and poor mimics differed in their daily activity pattern relationships with models. However, the common mimics showed significant activity pattern relationships with their models, but the rarer mimics did not. We conclude that many hoverflies show behavioral mimicry of their hymenopteran models.
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
Howarth, Brigitte, Edmunds, Malcolm and Gilbert, Francis (2004) Does the abundance of hoverfly mimics (Syrphidae) depend on the numbers of their hymenopteran models ? Evolution . (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:298
2020-05-04T20:30:46Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/298/
On the comparison of proof planning systems: Lambda-clam, Omega and IsaPlanner
Dennis, Louise Abigail
Jamnik, Mateja
Pollet, Martin
We present a framework for describing proof planners. This framework is based around a decomposition of proof planners into planning states, proof language, proof plans, proof methods, proof revision, proof control and planning algorithms.
We use this framework to motivate the comparison of three recent proof planning systems, lclam, OMEGA and IsaPlanner, and demonstrate how the framework allows us to discuss and illustrate both their similarities and differences in a consistent fashion. This analysis reveals that proof control and the use of contextual information in planning states are key areas in need of further investigation.
Elsevier
Carette, Jacques
Farmer, William
2005
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Dennis, Louise Abigail, Jamnik, Mateja and Pollet, Martin (2005) On the comparison of proof planning systems: Lambda-clam, Omega and IsaPlanner. In: 12th Symposium on the Integratoin of Symbolic Computation and Mechanized Reasoning (Calculemus 2005), July, Newcastle. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:348
2020-04-29T16:26:40Z
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:373
2021-05-31T14:47:47Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/373/
Case Based Heuristic Selection for Timetabling Problems
Burke, Edmund
Petrovic, Sanja
Qu, Rong
This paper presents a case-based heuristic selection approach for automated university course and exam timetabling. The method described in this paper is motivated by the goal of developing timetabling systems that are fundamentally more general than the current state of the art. Heuristics that worked well in previous similar situations are memorized in a case base and are retrieved for solving the problem in hand. Knowledge discovery techniques are employed in two distinct scenarios. Firstly, we model the problem and the problem solving situations along with specific heuristics for those problems. Secondly, we refine the case base and discard cases which prove to be non-useful in solving new problems. Experimental results are presented and analyzed. It is shown that case based reasoning can act effectively as an intelligent approach to learn which heuristics work well for particular timetabling situations. We conclude by outlining and discussing potential research issues in this critical area of knowledge discovery for different difficult timetabling problems.
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/373/1/6rxqJOS.pdf
Burke, Edmund, Petrovic, Sanja and Qu, Rong (2006) Case Based Heuristic Selection for Timetabling Problems. Journal of Scheduling, 9 (2). pp. 99-113. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:377
2020-05-04T20:28:32Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535336
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/377/
Violent Dissent and Rebellion in Africa
Carey, Sabine C
This article analyzes how the selection process for the executive affects the risk of rebellion and insurgencies in sub-Saharan Africa between 1971 and 1995. Four executive recruitment processes are distinguished, which are characteristic for the African context: (1) a process without elections, (2) single candidate elections, (3) single party, multiple candidate elections, and (4) multiparty executive elections. The results suggest that single candidate elections and multiparty elections substantially reduce the risk of insurgencies compared to systems without any kind of executive elections. They further show that during times of political instability the risk of large-scale violent dissent increases substantially. The article supports findings of the civil war literature that higher levels of income are associated with a lower risk of intrastate violence, while oil-exporting countries are at a higher risk of rebellion. In short, this article further strengthens the need to use more specific measures of elements of political regimes, which also take into account regional particularities, in order to paint a more informative picture of how political structures influence the risk of internal violence.
SAGE Publications/PRIO
2007-01
Article
PeerReviewed
Carey, Sabine C (2007) Violent Dissent and Rebellion in Africa. Journal of Peace Research, 44 (1). (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:392
2020-05-04T20:28:37Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/392/
Sensing Danger: Innate Immunology for Intrusion Detection
Aickelin, Uwe
Greensmith, Julie
The immune system provides an ideal metaphor for anomaly detection in general and computer security in particular. Based on this idea, artificial immune systems have been used for a number of years for intrusion detection, unfortunately so far with little success. However, these previous systems were largely based on immunological theory from the 1970s and 1980s and over the last decade our understanding of immunological processes has vastly improved. In this paper we present two new immune inspired algorithms based on the latest immunological discoveries, such as the behaviour of Dendritic Cells. The resultant algorithms are applied to real world intrusion problems and show encouraging results. Overall, we believe there is a bright future for these next generation artificial immune algorithms
Elsevier
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
Aickelin, Uwe and Greensmith, Julie (2007) Sensing Danger: Innate Immunology for Intrusion Detection. Information Security Technical Report . ISSN 1363-4127 (In Press)
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/istr
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:396
2020-05-04T20:30:00Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727434:4172743434
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/396/
Rule-based and Resource-bounded: A New Look at Epistemic Logic
Jago, Mark
Syntactic logics do not suffer from the problems of logical omniscience but are often thought to lack interesting properties relating to epistemic notions. By focusing on the case of rule-based agents, I develop a framework for modelling resource-bounded agents and show that the resulting models have a number of interesting properties.
2006
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Jago, Mark (2006) Rule-based and Resource-bounded: A New Look at Epistemic Logic. In: Workshop on Logics for Resource Bounded Agents, 7 - 11 August 2006, ESSLLI 2006, Malaga, Spain. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:404
2021-06-08T09:49:15Z
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:410
2020-05-04T20:29:28Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:47656E:47656E32
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/410/
A Wel(l)come development: research funders and open access
Pinfield, Stephen
This paper discusses the implications of the Wellcome Trust agreement with Blackwell, OUP and Springer in which authors of accepted papers are able to pay an open-access publication charge to make their article freely available online. In bringing together flexible licence terms and clear funding streams, the agreement has the potential to be used as a way of migrating towards possible new business models for journal publishing. It also has the potential, if implemented more widely, to deliver greater open access in such a way as to work in the interests of a broad range of stakeholders.
2006-07
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Pinfield, Stephen (2006) A Wel(l)come development: research funders and open access. Learned Publishing, 19 (3). pp. 45-50. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:459
2020-05-04T20:28:58Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636935
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/459/
Liquid film dynamics in horizontal and tilted tubes: dry spots and sliding drops
King, Andrew A.
Cummings, Linda J.
Naire, Shailesh
Jensen, Oliver E.
Using a model derived from lubrication theory, we consider the evolution of a thin viscous film coating the interior or exterior of a cylindrical tube. The flow is driven by surface tension and gravity and the liquid is assumed to wet the cylinder perfectly. When the tube is horizontal, we use large-time simulations to describe the bifurcation structure of the capillary equilibria appearing at low Bond number. We identify a new film configuration in which an isolated dry patch appears at the top of the tube and demonstrate hysteresis in the transition between rivulets and annular collars as the tube length is varied. For a tube tilted to the vertical, we show how a long initially uniform rivulet can break up first into isolated drops and then annular collars, which subsequently merge. We also show that the speed at which a localized drop moves down the base of a tilted tube is non-monotonic in tilt angle.
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
King, Andrew A., Cummings, Linda J., Naire, Shailesh and Jensen, Oliver E. (2007) Liquid film dynamics in horizontal and tilted tubes: dry spots and sliding drops. Physics of Fluids . (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:463
2021-06-08T09:48:54Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/463/
Stroke severity, early recovery and outcome are each related with clinical classification of stroke: Data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST)
Sprigg, Nikola
Gray, Laura
Bath, Philip M W
Lindenstrom, Ewa
Boysen, Gudrun
De Deyn, Peter Paul
Friis, Pal
Leys, Didier
Marttila, Reijo
Olsson, Jan Edwin
O'Neill, Desmond
Ringelstein, Enrich Bernd
Elsevier
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/463/1/TAISTOCSP.pdf
Sprigg, Nikola, Gray, Laura, Bath, Philip M W, Lindenstrom, Ewa, Boysen, Gudrun, De Deyn, Peter Paul, Friis, Pal, Leys, Didier, Marttila, Reijo, Olsson, Jan Edwin, O'Neill, Desmond and Ringelstein, Enrich Bernd (2007) Stroke severity, early recovery and outcome are each related with clinical classification of stroke: Data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial (TAIST). Journal of the Neurological Sciences . (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:467
2020-05-04T20:29:18Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636935
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:53636934:4D656431
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/467/
Elucidating the interactions between the adhesive and transcriptioanl functions of beta-catenin in normal and cancerous cells
van Leeuwen, Ingeborg M. M.
Byrne, Helen M
Jensen, Oliver E.
King, John R.
Wnt signalling is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. The presence of an extracellular Wnt stimulus induces cytoplasmic stabilisation and nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, a protein that also plays an essential role in cadherin-mediated adhesion. Two main hypotheses have been proposed concerning the balance between beta-catenin's adhesive and transcriptional functions: either beta-catenin's fate is determined by competition between its binding partners, or Wnt induces folding of beta-catenin into a conformation allocated preferentially to transcription. The experimental data supporting each hypotheses remain inconclusive. In this paper we present a new mathematical model of the Wnt pathway that incorporates beta-catenin's dual function. We use this model to carry out a series of in silico experiments and compare the behaviour of systems governed by each hypothesis. Our analytical results and model simulations provide further insight into the current understanding of Wnt signalling and, in particular, reveal differences in the response of the two modes of interaction between adhesion and signalling in certain in silico settings. We also exploit our model to investigate the impact of the mutations most commonly observed in human colorectal cancer. Simulations show that the amount of functional APC required to maintain a normal phenotype increases with increasing strength of the Wnt signal, a result which illustrates that the environment can substantially influence both tumour initiation and phenotype.
Elsevier
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
van Leeuwen, Ingeborg M. M., Byrne, Helen M, Jensen, Oliver E. and King, John R. (2007) Elucidating the interactions between the adhesive and transcriptioanl functions of beta-catenin in normal and cancerous cells. Journal of Theoretical Biology . (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:494
2020-05-08T11:15:06Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/494/
Can we improve the statistical analysis of stroke trials? Statistical re-analysis of functional outcomes in stroke trials
Bath, Philip
American Heart Association
Bath, Philip
Gray, Laura
2007-04
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/494/2/OAST_20061026_1_62.pdf
Bath, Philip (2007) Can we improve the statistical analysis of stroke trials? Statistical re-analysis of functional outcomes in stroke trials. Stroke . (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:533
2020-05-04T20:28:19Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633:4D65643432
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/533/
High blood pressure in acute stroke: to treat or not to treat
Sare, Gillian M.
Geeganage, Chamila
Bath, Philip M.W.
Blackwell Publishing
2007-08
Article
PeerReviewed
Sare, Gillian M., Geeganage, Chamila and Bath, Philip M.W. (2007) High blood pressure in acute stroke: to treat or not to treat. International Journal of Stroke, 2 (3). pp. 172-173. (In Press)
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/ijs/2/3
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:551
2020-05-04T20:28:12Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727435:4172743132
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/551/
Character, Audience Agency and Trans-Media Drama
Evans, Elizabeth
Changes in the television industry with regards to the development of new media technologies are having a significant impact on audience engagement with television drama. This article explores how the internet is being used to extend audience engagement onto platforms other than the television set to the point where television drama should increasingly be reconsidered as trans-media drama. However audience engagement with the various elements of a trans-media drama text is complex. By exploring audience attitudes towards character in the British television series Spooks and its associated online games, this article argues that in an increasingly converged media landscape audiences transfer values between platforms. Consequently the audience's perception of control in relation to their engagement with a trans-media drama text such as Spooks becomes complicated with values associated with television proving key to their engagement with the same fictional world in the form of games.
Sage
2007-09
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Evans, Elizabeth (2007) Character, Audience Agency and Trans-Media Drama. Media, Culture and Society, 30 (1). (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:560
2021-05-31T14:47:48Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/560/
Idiotypic Immune Networks in Mobile Robot Control
Whitbrook, Amanda
Aickelin, Uwe
Garibaldi, Jon
Jerne's idiotypic network theory postulates that the immune response involves inter-antibody stimulation and suppression as well as matching to antigens. The theory has proved the most popular Artificial Immune System (AIS) model for incorporation into behavior-based robotics but guidelines for implementing idiotypic selection are scarce. Furthermore, the direct effects of employing the technique have not been demonstrated in the form of a comparison with non-idiotypic systems. This paper aims to address these issues. A method for integrating an idiotypic AIS network with a Reinforcement Learning based control system (RL) is described and the mechanisms underlying antibody stimulation and suppression are explained in detail. Some hypotheses that account for the network advantage are put forward and tested using three systems with increasing idiotypic complexity. The basic RL, a simplified hybrid AIS-RL that implements idiotypic selection independently of derived concentration levels and a full hybrid AIS-RL scheme are examined. The test bed takes the form of a simulated Pioneer robot that is required to navigate through maze worlds detecting and tracking door markers.
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/560/1/07ieee_smcb_ais_robot.pdf
Whitbrook, Amanda, Aickelin, Uwe and Garibaldi, Jon (2007) Idiotypic Immune Networks in Mobile Robot Control. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B . (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:561
2021-05-31T14:47:48Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/561/
An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Intelligent Local Search for Rule-based Nurse Rostering
Aickelin, Uwe
Burke, Edmund
Li, Jingpeng
This paper proposes a new memetic evolutionary algorithm to achieve explicit learning in rule-based nurse rostering, which involves applying a set of heuristic rules for each nurse's assignment. The main framework of the algorithm is an estimation of distribution algorithm, in which an ant-miner methodology improves the individual solutions produced in each generation. Unlike our previous work (where learning is implicit), the learning in the memetic estimation of distribution algorithm is explicit, i.e. we are able to identify building blocks directly. The overall approach learns by building a probabilistic model, i.e. an estimation of the probability distribution of individual nurse-rule pairs that are used to construct schedules. The local search processor (i.e. the ant-miner) reinforces nurse-rule pairs that receive higher rewards. A challenging real world nurse rostering problem is used as the test problem. Computational results show that the proposed approach outperforms most existing approaches. It is suggested that the learning methodologies suggested in this paper may be applied to other scheduling problems where schedules are built systematically according to specific rules.
Palgrave
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/561/1/07jors_eda.pdf
Aickelin, Uwe, Burke, Edmund and Li, Jingpeng (2007) An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Intelligent Local Search for Rule-based Nurse Rostering. Journal of the Operational Research Society . (In Press)
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jors/index.html
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:570
2020-05-04T20:28:52Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/570/
Information Fusion for Anomaly Detection with the Dendritic Cell Algorithm
Greensmith, Julie
Aickelin, Uwe
Tedesco, Gianni
Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that provide a vital link between the innate and adaptive immune system, providing the initial detection of pathogenic invaders. Research into this family of cells has revealed that they
perform information fusion which directs immune responses. We have derived a Dendritic Cell Algorithm based on
the functionality of these cells, by modelling the biological signals and differentiation pathways to build a control mechanism for an artificial immune system. We present algorithmic details in addition to experimental results, when the algorithm was applied to anomaly detection for the detection of port scans. The results show the Dendritic Cell Algorithm is successful at detecting port scans.
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
Greensmith, Julie, Aickelin, Uwe and Tedesco, Gianni (2007) Information Fusion for Anomaly Detection with the Dendritic Cell Algorithm. Information Fusion . (In Press)
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/620862/description#description
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:584
2020-05-04T20:29:14Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/584/
An Immune Inspired Approach to Anomaly Detection
Twycross, Jamie
Aickelin, Uwe
The immune system provides a rich metaphor for computer security: anomaly detection that works in nature should work for machines. However, early artificial immune system approaches for computer security had only limited success. Arguably, this was due to these artificial systems being based on too simplistic a view of the immune system. We present here a second generation artificial immune system for process anomaly detection. It improves on earlier systems by having different artificial cell types that process information. Following detailed information about how to build such second generation systems, we find that communication between cells types is key to performance. Through realistic testing and validation we show that second generation artificial immune systems are capable of anomaly detection beyond generic system policies. The paper concludes with a discussion and outline of the next steps in this exciting area of computer security.
IDEAS Publishing
2007
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Twycross, Jamie and Aickelin, Uwe (2007) An Immune Inspired Approach to Anomaly Detection. In: Handbook of Research on Information Assurance and Security. IDEAS Publishing. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:644
2020-05-04T20:29:10Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/644/
Multi-Agent Simulation and Management Practices
Siebers, Peer-Olaf
Aickelin, Uwe
Celia, Helen
Clegg, Christopher
Intelligent agents offer a new and exciting way of understanding the world of work. Agent-Based Simulation (ABS), one way of using intelligent agents, carries great potential for progressing our understanding of management practices and how they link to retail performance. We have developed simulation models based on research by a multi-disciplinary team of economists, work psychologists and computer scientists. We will discuss our experiences of implementing these concepts working with a well-known retail department store.
There is no doubt that management practices are linked to the performance of an organisation (Reynolds et al., 2005; Wall & Wood, 2005). Best practices have been developed, but when it comes down to the actual application of these guidelines considerable ambiguity remains regarding their effectiveness within particular contexts (Siebers et al., forthcoming a).
Most Operational Research (OR) methods can only be used as analysis tools once management practices have been implemented. Often they are not very useful for giving answers to speculative ‘what-if’ questions, particularly when one is interested in the development of the system over time rather than just the state of the system at a certain point in time.
Simulation can be used to analyse the operation of dynamic and stochastic systems. ABS is particularly useful when complex interactions between system entities exist, such as autonomous decision making or negotiation. In an ABS model the researcher explicitly describes the decision process of simulated actors at the micro level. Structures emerge at the macro level as a result of the actions of the agents and their interactions with other agents and the environment.
We will show how ABS experiments can deal with testing and optimising management practices such as training, empowerment or teamwork. Hence, questions such as “will staff setting their own break times improve performance?” can be investigated.
IDEAS Group
2007
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Siebers, Peer-Olaf, Aickelin, Uwe, Celia, Helen and Clegg, Christopher (2007) Multi-Agent Simulation and Management Practices. In: Encyclopedia of Decision Making and Decision Support Technologies. IDEAS Group. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:645
2020-05-04T20:29:10Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/645/
Introduction to Multi-Agent Simulation
Siebers, Peer-Olaf
Aickelin, Uwe
When designing systems that are complex, dynamic and stochastic in nature, simulation is generally recognised as one of the best design support technologies, and a valuable aid in the strategic and tactical decision making process. A simulation model consists of a set of rules that define how a system changes over time, given its current state. Unlike analytical models, a simulation model is not solved but is run and the changes of system states can be observed at any point in time. This provides an insight into system dynamics rather than just predicting the output of a system based on specific inputs. Simulation is not a decision making tool but a decision support tool, allowing better informed decisions to be made. Due to the complexity of the real world, a simulation model can only be an approximation of the target system. The essence of the art of simulation modelling is abstraction and simplification. Only those characteristics that are important for the study and analysis of the target system should be included in the simulation model.
The purpose of simulation is either to better understand the operation of a target system, or to make predictions about a target system’s performance. It can be viewed as an artificial white-room which allows one to gain insight but also to test new theories and practices without disrupting the daily routine of the focal organisation. What you can expect to gain from a simulation study is very well summarised by FIRMA (2000). His idea is that if the theory that has been framed about the target system holds, and if this theory has been adequately translated into a computer model this would allow you to answer some of the following questions:
· Which kind of behaviour can be expected under arbitrarily given parameter combinations and initial conditions?
· Which kind of behaviour will a given target system display in the future?
· Which state will the target system reach in the future?
The required accuracy of the simulation model very much depends on the type of question one is trying to answer. In order to be able to respond to the first question the simulation model needs to be an explanatory model. This requires less data accuracy. In comparison, the simulation model required to answer the latter two questions has to be predictive in nature and therefore needs highly accurate input data to achieve credible outputs. These predictions involve showing trends, rather than giving precise and absolute predictions of the target system performance.
The numerical results of a simulation experiment on their own are most often not very useful and need to be rigorously analysed with statistical methods. These results then need to be considered in the context of the real system and interpreted in a qualitative way to make meaningful recommendations or compile best practice guidelines. One needs a good working knowledge about the behaviour of the real system to be able to fully exploit the understanding gained from simulation experiments.
The goal of this chapter is to brace the newcomer to the topic of what we think is a valuable asset to the toolset of analysts and decision makers. We will give you a summary of information we have gathered from the literature and of the experiences that we have made first hand during the last five years, whilst obtaining a better understanding of this exciting technology. We hope that this will help you to avoid some pitfalls that we have unwittingly encountered. Section 2 is an introduction to the different types of simulation used in Operational Research and Management Science with a clear focus on agent-based simulation. In Section 3 we outline the theoretical background of multi-agent systems and their elements to prepare you for Section 4 where we discuss how to develop a multi-agent simulation model. Section 5 outlines a simple example of a multi-agent system. Section 6 provides a collection of resources for further studies and finally in Section 7 we will conclude the chapter with a short summary.
IDEAS Group
2007
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Siebers, Peer-Olaf and Aickelin, Uwe (2007) Introduction to Multi-Agent Simulation. In: Encyclopedia of Decision Making and Decision Support Technologies. IDEAS Group. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:651
2021-05-31T14:47:38Z
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:654
2020-05-04T20:29:17Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/654/
Idiotypic Immune Networks in Mobile Robot Control
Whitbrook, Amanda
Aickelin, Uwe
Garibaldi, Jon
Jerne's idiotypic network theory postulates that the immune response involves inter-antibody stimulation and suppression as well as matching to antigens. The theory has proved the most popular Artificial Immune System (AIS) model for incorporation into behavior-based robotics but guidelines for implementing idiotypic selection are scarce. Furthermore, the direct effects of employing the technique have not been demonstrated in the form of a comparison with non-idiotypic systems. This paper aims to address these issues. A method for integrating an idiotypic AIS network with a Reinforcement Learning based control system (RL) is described and the mechanisms underlying antibody stimulation and suppression are explained in detail. Some hypotheses that account for the network advantage are put forward and tested using three systems with increasing idiotypic complexity. The basic RL, a simplified hybrid AIS-RL that implements idiotypic selection independently of derived concentration levels and a full hybrid AIS-RL scheme are examined. The test bed takes the form of a simulated Pioneer robot that is required to navigate through maze worlds detecting and tracking door markers.
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
Whitbrook, Amanda, Aickelin, Uwe and Garibaldi, Jon (2007) Idiotypic Immune Networks in Mobile Robot Control. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part B . (In Press)
doi:10.1109/TSMCB.2007.907334
doi:10.1109/TSMCB.2007.907334
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:655
2020-05-04T20:28:36Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/655/
An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Intelligent Local Search for Rule-based Nurse Rostering
Aickelin, Uwe
Burke, Edmund
Li, Jingpeng
This paper proposes a new memetic evolutionary algorithm to achieve explicit learning in rule-based nurse rostering, which involves applying a set of heuristic rules for each nurse's assignment. The main framework of the algorithm is an estimation of distribution algorithm, in which an ant-miner methodology improves the individual solutions produced in each generation. Unlike our previous work (where learning is implicit), the learning in the memetic estimation of distribution algorithm is explicit, i.e. we are able to identify building blocks directly. The overall approach learns by building a probabilistic model, i.e. an estimation of the probability distribution of individual nurse-rule pairs that are used to construct schedules. The local search processor (i.e. the ant-miner) reinforces nurse-rule pairs that receive higher rewards. A challenging real world nurse rostering problem is used as the test problem. Computational results show that the proposed approach outperforms most existing approaches. It is suggested that the learning methodologies suggested in this paper may be applied to other scheduling problems where schedules are built systematically according to specific rules.
Palgrave
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
Aickelin, Uwe, Burke, Edmund and Li, Jingpeng (2007) An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Intelligent Local Search for Rule-based Nurse Rostering. Journal of the Operational Research Society . (In Press)
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jors/index.html
doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602308
doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602308
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:659
2020-05-04T20:28:57Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/659/
Immune System Approaches to Intrusion Detection - A Review
Kim, Jungwon
Bentley, Peter
Aickelin, Uwe
Greensmith, Julie
Tedesco, Gianni
Twycross, Jamie
The use of artificial immune systems in intrusion detection is an appealing concept for two reasons. Firstly, the human immune system provides the human body with a high level of protection from invading pathogens, in a robust, self-organised and distributed manner. Secondly, current techniques used in computer security are not able to cope with the dynamic and increasingly complex nature of computer systems and their security. It is hoped that biologically inspired approaches in this area, including the use of immune-based systems will be able to meet this challenge. Here we review the algorithms used, the development of the systems and the outcome of their implementation. We provide an introduction and analysis of the key developments within this field, in addition to making suggestions for future research.
Springer
2007
Article
PeerReviewed
Kim, Jungwon, Bentley, Peter, Aickelin, Uwe, Greensmith, Julie, Tedesco, Gianni and Twycross, Jamie (2007) Immune System Approaches to Intrusion Detection - A Review. Natural Computing . (In Press)
doi:10.1007/s11047-006-9026-4
doi:10.1007/s11047-006-9026-4
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:668
2020-05-04T20:34:26Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/668/
A mixer design for the pigtail braid
Binder, B. J.
Cox, Stephen M.
The stirring of a body of viscous fluid using multiple
stirring rods is known to be particularly effective when
the rods trace out a path corresponding to a nontrivial
mathematical braid. The optimal braid is the so-called
"pigtail braid", in which three stirring rods execute
the usual "over-under" motion associated with braiding
plaiting) hair. We show how to achieve this optimal
braiding motion straightforwardly: one stirring rod is
driven in a figure-of-eight motion, while the other two
rods are baffles, which rotate episodically about their
common centre. We also explore the extent to which the
physical baffles may be replaced by flow structures
(such as periodic islands).
Elsevier
Article
PeerReviewed
Binder, B. J. and Cox, Stephen M. A mixer design for the pigtail braid. Fluid Dynamics Research . ISSN 0169-5983 (In Press)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01695983
doi:10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2006.09.001
doi:10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2006.09.001
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:694
2020-05-04T20:27:22Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/694/
Unfinished Turns in French: How Context Matters
Chevalier, Fabienne HG
On occasions, speakers do not complete their turns in conversation. Such syntactically-incomplete turns are not treated with repair or misunderstanding. The responses that they receive display a clear understanding of the actions that the unfinished turns embodied. In this article, using conversation analysis (CA), I describe the systematic occurrence of unfinished turns in French conversation. I show that context is necessary to the understanding of this type of turn and I describe the nature of that context. Data analysis reveals that unfinished turns are understandable primarily by reference to their sequential position. I conclude that unfinished turns are a locally- managed resource fitted to the particulars of the talk in progress and built upon the context that the sequences that house them have so far provided.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
2008-03
Article
PeerReviewed
Chevalier, Fabienne HG (2008) Unfinished Turns in French: How Context Matters. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 41 (1). tbc-tbc. (In Press)
http://www.leaonline.com/loi/rlsi
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:774
2020-05-04T20:34:52Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/774/
Democratization in a passive dendritic tree: an analytical investigation
Timofeeva, Yulia
Cox, Steven J.
Coombes, Stephen
Josic, Kresimir
One way to achieve amplification of distal synaptic inputs on a dendritic tree is to scale the amplitude and/or duration of the synaptic conductance with its distance from the soma. This is an example of what is often referred to as “dendritic democracy”. Although well studied experimentally, to date this phenomenon has not been thoroughly explored from a mathematical perspective. In this paper we adopt a passive model of a dendritic tree with distributed excitatory synaptic conductances and analyze a number of key measures of democracy. In particular, via moment methods we derive laws for the transport, from synapse to soma, of strength, characteristic time, and dispersion. These laws lead immediately to synaptic scalings that overcome attenuation with distance. We follow this with a Neumann approximation of Green’s representation that readily produces the synaptic scaling that democratizes the peak somatic voltage response. Results are obtained for both idealized geometries and for the more realistic geometry of a rat CA1 pyramidal cell. For each measure of democratization we produce and contrast the synaptic scaling associated with treating the synapse as either a conductance change or a current injection. We find that our respective scalings agree up to a critical distance from the soma and we reveal how this critical distance decreases with decreasing branch radius.
Springer Verlag
Article
PeerReviewed
Timofeeva, Yulia, Cox, Steven J., Coombes, Stephen and Josic, Kresimir Democratization in a passive dendritic tree: an analytical investigation. Journal of Computational Neuroscience . ISSN 0929-5313 (In Press)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/100282/?p=cb9d53b6b0d942e19f6f092117960a76&pi=95
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:809
2020-05-04T16:27:40Z
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6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535337
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/809/
Gender and New Labour: after the Male Breadwinner Model
Pascall, Gillian
Policy Press
2008-06-11
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
Pascall, Gillian (2008) Gender and New Labour: after the Male Breadwinner Model. In: Social Policy Review 20. Policy Press, Bristol. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:884
2020-05-04T16:27:43Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/884/
Neuronal networks with gap junctions: A study of piece-wise linear planar neuron models
Coombes, Stephen
The presence of gap junction coupling among neurons of the central nervous systems has been appreciated for some time now. In recent years there has been an upsurge of interest from the mathematical community in understanding the contribution of these direct electrical connections between cells to large-scale brain rhythms. Here we analyze a class of exactly soluble single neuron models, capable of producing realistic action potential shapes, that can be used as the basis for understanding dynamics at the network level. This work focuses on planar piece-wise linear models that can mimic the firing response of several different cell types. Under constant current injection the periodic response and phase response curve (PRC) is calculated in closed form. A simple formula for the stability of a periodic orbit is found using Floquet theory. From the calculated PRC and the periodic orbit a phase interaction function is constructed that allows the investigation of phase-locked network states using the theory of weakly coupled oscillators. For large networks with global gap junction connectivity we develop a theory of strong coupling instabilities of the homogeneous, synchronous and splay state. For a piece-wise linear caricature of the Morris-Lecar model, with oscillations arising from a homoclinic bifurcation, we show that large amplitude oscillations in the mean membrane potential are organized around such unstable orbits.
2008-06-04
Article
PeerReviewed
Coombes, Stephen (2008) Neuronal networks with gap junctions: A study of piece-wise linear planar neuron models. SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems . (In Press)
http://epubs.siam.org/SIADS/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:970
2020-05-04T20:34:40Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/970/
Instabilities in threshold-diffusion equations with delay
Laing, Carlo
Coombes, Stephen
The introduction of delays into ordinary or partial differential equation models is well known to facilitate the production of rich dynamics ranging from periodic solutions through to spatio-temporal chaos. In this paper we consider a class of scalar partial differential equations with a delayed threshold nonlinearity which admits exact solutions for equilibria, periodic orbits and travelling waves. Importantly we show how the spectra of periodic and travelling wave solutions can be determined in terms of the zeros of a complex analytic function. Using this as a computational tool to determine stability we show that delays can have very different effects on threshold systems with negative as opposed to positive feedback. Direct numerical simulations are used to confirm our bifurcation analysis, and to probe some of the rich behaviour possible for mixed feedback.
Elsevier
Article
PeerReviewed
Laing, Carlo and Coombes, Stephen Instabilities in threshold-diffusion equations with delay. Physica D . ISSN 0167-2789 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1000
2020-05-04T20:27:37Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1000/
Delays in activity based neural networks
Coombes, Stephen
Laing, Carlo
In this paper we study the effect of two distinct discrete delays on the dynamics of a Wilson-Cowan neural network. This activity based model describes the dynamics of synaptically interacting excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations. We discuss the interpretation of the delays in the language of neurobiology and show how they can contribute to the generation of network rhythms. First we focus on the use of linear stability theory to show how to destabilise a fixed point, leading to the onset of oscillatory behaviour. Next we show for the choice of a Heaviside nonlinearity for the firing rate that such emergent oscillations can be either synchronous or anti-synchronous depending on whether inhibition or excitation dominates the network architecture. To probe the behaviour of smooth (sigmoidal) nonlinear firing rates we use a mixture of numerical bifurcation analysis and direct simulations, and uncover parameter windows that support chaotic behaviour. Finally we comment on the role of delays in the generation of bursting oscillations, and discuss natural extensions of the work in this paper.
2008
Article
PeerReviewed
Coombes, Stephen and Laing, Carlo (2008) Delays in activity based neural networks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A . ISSN 1364-503X (In Press)
http://publishing.royalsociety.org/index.cfm?page=1570
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1039
2020-05-04T20:27:04Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1039/
Mode locking in a spatially extended neuron model: active soma and compartmental tree
Svensson, Carl-Magnus
Coombes, Stephen
Understanding the mode-locked response of excitable systems to periodic forcing has important applications in neuroscience. For example it is known that spatially extended place cells in the hippocampus are driven by the theta rhythm to generate a code conveying information about spatial location. Thus it is important to explore the role of neuronal dendrites in generating the response to periodic current injection. In this paper we pursue this using a compartmental model, with linear dynamics for each compartment, coupled to an active soma model that generates action potentials. By working with the piece-wise linear McKean model for the soma we show how the response of the whole neuron model (soma and dendrites) can be written in closed form. We exploit this to construct a stroboscopic map describing the response of the spatially extended model to periodic forcing. A linear stability analysis of this map, together with a careful treatment of the non-differentiability of the soma model, allows us to construct the Arnol'd tongue structure for 1:q states (one action potential for q cycles of forcing). Importantly we show how the presence of quasi-active membrane in the dendrites can influence the shape of tongues. Direct numerical simulations confirm our theory and further indicate that resonant dendritic membrane can enlarge the windows in parameter space for chaotic behavior. These simulations also show that the spatially extended neuron model responds differently to global as opposed to point forcing. In the former case spatio-temporal patterns of activity within an Arnol'd tongue are standing waves, whilst in the latter they are traveling waves.
World Scientific
2009
Article
PeerReviewed
Svensson, Carl-Magnus and Coombes, Stephen (2009) Mode locking in a spatially extended neuron model: active soma and compartmental tree. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . ISSN 0218-1274 (In Press)
http://www.worldscinet.com/ijbc/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1087
2020-05-04T20:26:35Z
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6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633:4D65643432
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1087/
Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke
Bath, Philip M.W.
England, Timothy J.
Elsevier
2009
Article
PeerReviewed
Bath, Philip M.W. and England, Timothy J. (2009) Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke. Lancet . ISSN 0140-6736 (In Press)
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/31066/description#description
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60990-9
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60990-9
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1088
2020-05-04T20:27:04Z
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6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633:4D65643432
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1088/
Speeding stroke recovery? A systematic review of amphetamine after stroke
Sprigg, Nikola
Bath, Philip M.W.
Introduction: The use of drugs to enhance recovery (“rehabilitation pharmacology”) has been assessed.
Amphetamine can improve outcome in experimental models of stroke, and several small clinical trials have
assessed its use in stroke. Methods: Electronic searches were performed to identify randomised controlled
trials of amphetamine in stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic). Outcomes included functional outcome
(assessed as combined death or disability/dependency), safety (death) and haemodynamic measures. Data
were analysed as dichotomous or continuous outcomes, using odds ratios (OR), weighted or standardised
mean difference, (WMD or SMD) using random-effects models with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI);
statistical heterogeneity was assessed. Results: Eleven completed trials (n=329) were identified. Treatment
with amphetamine was associated with non-significant trends to increased death (OR 2.78 (95% CI, 0.75–
10.23), n=329, 11 trials) and improved motor scores (WMD 3.28 (95% CI −0.48–7.04) n=257, 9 trials) but
had no effect on the combined outcome of death and dependency (OR 1.15 (95% CI 0.65–2.06, n=206, 5
trials). Amphetamine increased systolic blood pressure (WMD 9.3 mmHg, 95% CI 3.3–15.3, n=106, 3 trials)
and heart rate (WMD 7.6 beats per minute (bpm), 95% CI 1.8–13.4, n=106, 3 trials). Despite variations in
treatment regimes, outcomes and follow-up duration there was no evidence of significant heterogeneity or
publication bias. Conclusion: No evidence exists at present to support the use of amphetamine after stroke.
Despite a trend to improved motor function, doubts remain over
Elsevier
2009
Article
PeerReviewed
Sprigg, Nikola and Bath, Philip M.W. (2009) Speeding stroke recovery? A systematic review of amphetamine after stroke. Journal of the Neurological Sciences . ISSN 0022-510X (In Press)
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/506078/description#description
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.04.040
doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.04.040
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1096
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6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1096/
Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions relevant for young offenders with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or self-harm
Townsend, Ellen
Walker, Dawn-Marie
Sargeant, Sally
Vostanis, Panos
Hawton, Keith
Stocker, Olivia
Sithole, Jabulani
Background: Mood and anxiety disorders, and problems with self harm are significant and serious issues that are common in young people in the Criminal Justice System.
Aims: To examine whether interventions relevant to young offenders with mood or anxiety disorders, or problems with self harm are effective.
Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomised controlled trials relevant to young offenders experiencing these problems.
Results: An exhaustive search of the worldwide literature (published and unpublished)yielded 10 studies suitable for inclusion in this review. Meta-analysis of data from three
studies (with a total population of 171 individuals) revealed that group-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) may help to reduce symptoms of depression in young
offenders.
Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that group-based CBT may be useful for young offenders with such mental health problems, but larger high quality RCTs are
now needed to bolster the evidence-base.
Elsevier
2009
Article
PeerReviewed
Townsend, Ellen, Walker, Dawn-Marie, Sargeant, Sally, Vostanis, Panos, Hawton, Keith, Stocker, Olivia and Sithole, Jabulani (2009) Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions relevant for young offenders with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or self-harm. Journal of Adolescence . ISSN 0140-1971 (In Press)
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622849/description
doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.015
doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.015
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1128
2020-05-04T20:26:46Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1128/
On the suboptimality of the p-version interior penalty
discontinuous Galerkin method
Georgoulis, Emmanuil H.
Hall, Edward
Melenk, Jens Markus
We address the question of the rates of convergence of the p-version interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method (p-IPDG) for second order elliptic problems with non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. It is known that the p-IPDG method admits slightly suboptimal a-priori bounds with respect to the polynomial degree (in the Hilbertian Sobolev space setting). An example for which the
suboptimal rate of convergence with respect to the polynomial degree is both proven theoretically and
validated in practice through numerical experiments is presented. Moreover, the performance of p-
IPDG on the related problem of p-approximation of corner singularities is assessed both theoretically and numerically, witnessing an almost doubling of the convergence rate of the p-IPDG method.
Springer Netherlands
2009
Article
PeerReviewed
Georgoulis, Emmanuil H., Hall, Edward and Melenk, Jens Markus (2009) On the suboptimality of the p-version interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method. Journal of Scientific Computing . ISSN 0885-7474 (In Press)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/g075179366551117/fulltext.pdf
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1129
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1129/
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in experimental stroke and its effects on infarct size and functional outcome: a systematic review
England, Timothy J.
Gibson, Claire L.
Bath, Philip M.W.
Background
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) shows promise as a treatment for stroke. This systematic review assesses G-CSF in experimental ischaemic stroke.
Methods
Relevant studies were identified with searches of Medline, Embase and PubMed. Data were extracted on stroke lesion size, neurological outcome and quality, and analysed using Cochrane Review Manager using random effects models; results are expressed as standardised mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR).
Results
Data were included from 19 publications incorporating 666 animals. G-CSF reduced lesion size significantly in transient (SMD -1.63, p<0.00001) but not permanent (SMD -1.56, p=0.11) focal models of ischaemia. Lesion size was reduced at all doses and with treatment commenced within 4 hours of transient ischaemia. Neurological deficit (SMD -1.37, p=0.0004) and limb placement (SMD -1.88, p=0.003) improved with G-CSF; however, locomotor activity (>4 weeks post ischaemia) was not (SMD 0.76, p=0.35). Death (OR 0.27, p<0.0001) was reduced with G-CSF. Median study quality was 4 (range 0-7/8); Egger’s test suggested significant publication bias (p=0.001).
Conclusions
G-CSF significantly reduced lesion size in transient but not permanent models of ischaemic stroke. Motor impairment and death were also reduced. Further studies assessing dose-response, administration time, length of ischaemia and long-term functional recovery are needed.
Elsevier
2009-09-12
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1129/1/GCSF_MA_Final_version_BRES_Aug_2009.pdf
England, Timothy J., Gibson, Claire L. and Bath, Philip M.W. (2009) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in experimental stroke and its effects on infarct size and functional outcome: a systematic review. Brain Research . ISSN 0006-8993 (In Press)
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622287/description#description
doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.09.002
doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.09.002
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1193
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1193/
Error estimation and adaptive mesh refinement for aerodynamic flows
Hartmann, Ralf
Houston, Paul
This lecture course covers the theory of so-called duality-based a posteriori error estimation of DG finite element methods. In particular, we formulate consistent and adjoint consistent DG methods for the numerical approximation of both the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations; in the latter case, the viscous terms are discretized based on employing an interior penalty method. By exploiting a duality argument, adjoint-based a posteriori error indicators will be established. Moreover, application of these computable bounds within automatic adaptive finite element algorithms will be developed. Here, a variety of isotropic and anisotropic adaptive strategies, as well as $hp$-mesh refinement will be investigated.
von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics
Deconinck, Herman
2009
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
Hartmann, Ralf and Houston, Paul (2009) Error estimation and adaptive mesh refinement for aerodynamic flows. In: Proceedings of the 36THCFD/Adigma course on HP-adaptive and HP-multigrid methods. von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode Saint Genèse, Belgium. ISBN 978-2-930389-98-2 (In Press)
http://www.vki.ac.be/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1221
2020-05-04T16:28:49Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1221/
Large-scale neural dynamics: simple and complex
Coombes, Stephen
We review the use of neural field models for modelling the brain at the large scales necessary for interpreting EEG, fMRI, MEG and optical imaging data. Albeit a framework that is limited to coarse-grained or mean-field activity, neural field models provide a framework for unifying data from different imaging modalities. Starting with a description of neural mass models we build to spatially extended cortical models of layered two-dimensional sheets with long range axonal connections mediating synaptic interactions. Reformulations of the fundamental non-local mathematical model in terms of more familiar local differential (brain wave) equations are described. Techniques for the analysis of such models, including how to determine the onset of spatio-temporal pattern forming instabilities, are reviewed. Extensions of the basic formalism to treat refractoriness, adaptive feedback and inhomogeneous connectivity are described along with open challenges for the development of multi-scale models that can integrate macroscopic models at large spatial scales with models at the microscopic scale.
Elsevier
2009-12-23
Article
PeerReviewed
Coombes, Stephen (2009) Large-scale neural dynamics: simple and complex. NeuroImage . ISSN 1053-8119 (In Press)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10538119
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1227
2020-05-04T20:25:33Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1227/
Depolarization induced suppression of excitation and the emergence of ultra-slow rhythms in neural networks
Hlinka, Jaroslav
Coombes, Stephen
Ultra-slow fluctuations (0.01-0.1 Hz) are a feature of intrinsic brain activity of as yet unclear origin. We propose a candidate mechanism based on retrograde endocannabinoid signaling in a synaptically coupled network of excitatory neurons. This is known to cause depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DISE), which we model phenomenologically. We construct emergent network oscillations in a globally coupled network and show that for strong synaptic coupling DISE can lead to a synchronized population burst at the frequencies of resting brain rhythms.
American Physical Society
2010
Article
PeerReviewed
Hlinka, Jaroslav and Coombes, Stephen (2010) Depolarization induced suppression of excitation and the emergence of ultra-slow rhythms in neural networks. Physical Review Letters . ISSN 0031-9007 (In Press)
http://prl.aps.org/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1230
2020-05-04T20:25:10Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1230/
Pneumonia and influenza: specific considerations in care homes
Gordon, Adam
Ewan, Victoria
This review provides an update on current evidence surrounding epidemiology, treatment and prevention of lower respiratory tract infection, with special reference to pneumonia and influenza, in care home residents. The care home sector is growing and provides a unique ecological niche for infections, housing frail older people with multiple comorbidities and frequent contact with healthcare services. There are therefore considerations in the epidemiology and management of these conditions which are specific to care homes. Opportunities for prevention, in the form of vaccination strategies and improving oral hygiene, may reduce the burden of these diseases in the future. Work is needed to research these infections specifically in the care home setting and this article highlights current gaps in our knowledge.
Cambridge University Press
2010-02
Article
PeerReviewed
Gordon, Adam and Ewan, Victoria (2010) Pneumonia and influenza: specific considerations in care homes. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology . ISSN 0959-2598 (In Press)
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=RCG
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1329
2020-05-04T20:25:51Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1329/
Towards the development of a simulator for investigating the impact of people management practices on retail performance
Siebers, Peer-Olaf
Aickelin, Uwe
Celia, Helen
Clegg, Chris
Often models for understanding the impact of management practices on retail performance are developed under the assumption of stability, equilibrium and linearity, whereas retail operations are considered in reality to be dynamic, non-linear and complex. Alternatively, discrete event and agent-based modelling are approaches that allow the development of simulation models of heterogeneous non-equilibrium systems for testing out different
scenarios.
When developing simulation models one has to abstract and simplify from the real world, which means that one has to try and capture the ‘essence’ of the system required for
developing a representation of the mechanisms that drive the progression in the real system. Simulation models can be developed at different levels of abstraction. To know the
appropriate level of abstraction for a specific application is often more of an art than a science. We have developed a retail branch simulation model to investigate which level of
model accuracy is required for such a model to obtain meaningful results for practitioners.
Palgrave Macmillan
2010
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Siebers, Peer-Olaf, Aickelin, Uwe, Celia, Helen and Clegg, Chris (2010) Towards the development of a simulator for investigating the impact of people management practices on retail performance. Journal of Simulation . ISSN 1747-7778 (In Press)
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jos/index.html
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1330
2020-05-04T20:25:30Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1330/
Sleep in care homes
Gordon, Adam
Gladman, John R.F.
Sleep problems in older adults are common and disturbance in sleep is associated with increased mortality. These problems are more pronounced in the care home population because of institutional factors and a high prevalence of frailty and comorbidity. This article reviews the randomized controlled trials undertaken to address sleep problems in care homes. These suggest that standalone therapies – oral melatonin and light therapy – have no effect on sleep but that combination treatments – physical exercise plus sleep hygiene, physical exercise plus sleep hygiene plus light and melatonin plus light – may have positive effects. These effects are more marked for daytime arousal than nocturnal sleep. Practical considerations for care homes are how to maximise light exposure, incorporate exercise into daily routines and minimize night-time disruption for residents. Trials undertaken so far are compromised by small sample size and inappropriate randomization strategies and further research is therefore required.
Cambridge University Press
2010
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Gordon, Adam and Gladman, John R.F. (2010) Sleep in care homes. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 20 (4). ISSN 0959-2598 (In Press)
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=RCG
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1341
2020-05-04T20:25:32Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1341/
A new graphical password scheme resistant to shoulder-surfing
Haichang, Gao
Zhongjie, Ren
Xiuling, Chang
Xiyang, Liu
Aickelin, Uwe
Shoulder-surfing is a known risk where an attacker can capture a password by direct observation or by recording
the authentication session. Due to the visual interface, this problem has become exacerbated in graphical passwords.
There have been some graphical schemes resistant or immune
to shoulder-surfing, but they have significant usability
drawbacks, usually in the time and effort to log in. In this
paper, we propose and evaluate a new shoulder-surfing
resistant scheme which has a desirable usability for PDAs. Our inspiration comes from the drawing input method in DAS and the association mnemonics in Story for sequence retrieval. The new scheme requires users to draw a curve across their password images orderly rather than click directly on them.
The drawing input trick along with the complementary
measures, such as erasing the drawing trace, displaying
degraded images, and starting and ending with randomly
designated images provide a good resistance to shoulder-surfing.
A preliminary user study showed that users were able to enter their passwords accurately and to remember them over time.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2010
Article
PeerReviewed
Haichang, Gao, Zhongjie, Ren, Xiuling, Chang, Xiyang, Liu and Aickelin, Uwe (2010) A new graphical password scheme resistant to shoulder-surfing. International Conference on CyberWorlds, 2010 . (In Press)
http://www.ieee.org/index.html
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1346
2020-05-04T20:25:24Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1346/
Non-respiratory infections – specific considerations in care homes
Ewan, Victoria
Gordon, Adam
This review provides an update on current evidence surrounding the epidemiology, treatment and prevention of non-respiratory infections in care homes. It covers urinary tract infection (UTI), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), decubitus ulcers, scabies, tinea infections and viral and bacterial gastroenteritis. The care home sector provides a unique ecological niche for infections, housing frail older people with multiple co-morbidities and frequent contact with healthcare services in a semi-closed environment. This leads to differences in the diagnosis and management of infections – particularly of outbreaks – when compared with community-dwelling counterparts. It is essential that care home staff play a role in the early recognition, isolation and treatment of infections but they are often not trained as healthcare professionals – this presents a challenge to systematised response. Effective interface between care homes, public health and infection control services are essential to the delivery of care, yet it is not clear how most-effectively to structure such links.
Cambridge University Press
2010
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Ewan, Victoria and Gordon, Adam (2010) Non-respiratory infections – specific considerations in care homes. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology . ISSN 0959-2598 (In Press)
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=RCG
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1413
2020-05-04T20:24:28Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1413/
Punishing childhoods: contradictions in children’s rights and global governance
Pupavac, Vanessa
The article considers efforts to eradicate corporal punishment as an aspect of the global governance of childhood and raises problems relevant to global governance more broadly. The article analyses contradictions in children’s rights advocacy between its universal human rights norms and implicit relativist development model. Children’s rights research is influenced by social constructivist theories, which highlight the history of childhood and childhood norms. Earlier social constructivist studies identified the concept of childhood underpinning the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) as a Western construction based on Western historical experiences, which excluded the experiences of childhood in developing countries. More recent social constructivist approaches emphasise how childhood norms are constructed and therefore can be reconstructed. The article outlines problems with attempts to globalise childhood norms without globalising material development. The article discusses the softening of discipline norms in Western societies historically. It indicates problems with children’s rights advocacy seeking to eradicate the corporal punishment of children globally without globalising the material conditions, which underpin the post-industrial ideal of childhood embodied in the CRC.
Routledge
2011
Article
PeerReviewed
Pupavac, Vanessa (2011) Punishing childhoods: contradictions in children’s rights and global governance. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 5 (3). ISSN 1750-2977 (In Press)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17502977.2011.566486
doi:10.1080/17502977.2011.566486
doi:10.1080/17502977.2011.566486
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1417
2020-05-04T20:23:47Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1417/
Pulsating fronts in periodically modulated neural field models
Coombes, Stephen
Laing, Carlo
We consider a coarse grained neural field model for synaptic activity in spatially extended cortical tissue that possesses an underlying periodicity in its microstructure. The model is written as an integro-differential equation with periodic modulation of a translationally-invariant spatial kernel. This modulation can have a strong effect on wave propagation through the tissue, including the creation of pulsating fronts with widely-varying speeds, and wave-propagation failure. Here we develop new analysis for the study of such phenomena, using two complementary techniques. The first uses linearized information from the leading edge of a traveling periodic wave to obtain wave speed estimates for pulsating fronts, and the second develops an interface description for waves in the full nonlinear model. For weak modulation and a Heaviside firing rate function the interface dynamics can be analyzed exactly, and gives predictions which are in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations. Importantly, the interface dynamics description improves upon the standard homogenization calculation, which is restricted to modulation that is both fast and weak.
American Physical Society
2011
Article
PeerReviewed
Coombes, Stephen and Laing, Carlo (2011) Pulsating fronts in periodically modulated neural field models. Physical Review E . ISSN 1539-3755 (In Press)
http://pre.aps.org/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1451
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1451/
Immigration and trust in politics in Britain
McLaren, Lauren M.
This paper argues that a previously overlooked explanation for varying individual-levels of political trust is concern about immigration. Focusing on the case of Britain, where levels of opposition to immigration have remained high since the 1960s and yet the implications of such opposition are still unclear, this paper examines the effect of concern about immigration on political trust. Using the pre- and post-election panel component of the 2005 British Election Study and the 2002-3 European Social Survey, we illustrate that after controlling for a wide range of other predictors of trust in politics, concerns about the impact of immigration significantly affect political trust. In addition, in 2005 the perception that government had not handled the issue of immigration effectively also significantly affected political trust, with both linear and interactive effects.
Cambridge University Press
2011
Article
PeerReviewed
McLaren, Lauren M. (2011) Immigration and trust in politics in Britain. British Journal of Political Science . ISSN 0007-1234 (In Press)
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=JPS
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1539
2020-05-04T20:23:58Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1539/
Particularism in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics
Leibowitz, Uri D.
In this essay I offer a new particularist reading of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. I argue
that the interpretation I present not only helps us to resolve some puzzles about Aristotle’s goals and
methods, but it also gives rise to a novel account of morality—an account that is both interesting and
plausible in its own right. The goal of this paper is, in part, exegetical—that is, to figure out how to best understand the text of the Nicomachean Ethics. But this paper also aims to contribute to the current
exciting and controversial debate over particularism. By taking the first steps towards a comprehensive
particularist reading of Aristotle’s Ethics I hope to demonstrate that some of the mistrust of
particularism is misplaced and that what is, perhaps, the most influential moral theory in the history of
philosophy is, arguably, a particularist moral theory.
Brill
2011
Article
PeerReviewed
Leibowitz, Uri D. (2011) Particularism in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. The Journal of Moral Philosophy . ISSN 1740-4681 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1566
2020-05-04T20:22:38Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1566/
The cultural divide in Europe: migration, multiculturalism, and political trust
McLaren, Lauren M.
One of the defining features of modern states is their incorporation of notions of political and social community based on shared language, history, and myths. However, large numbers of citizens in modern states have come to believe their national communities are under threat from several modern forces, including immigration. Using the European Social Survey (2002-2009), this paper explores the extent to which perceived threats posed by large-scale immigration undermine national political communities by reducing trust in national politicians and political institutions. The findings indicate that even after controlling for other predictors of trust in the political system, concerns about the effect of immigration on the national community have an impact on trust in politics. Moreover, having a lengthy post-war history with mass immigration mediates this effect, while the potentially mobilizing effects of far-right parties on the relationship between concern about immigration and political distrust are somewhat limited.
Cambridge Universisty Press
2012
Article
PeerReviewed
McLaren, Lauren M. (2012) The cultural divide in Europe: migration, multiculturalism, and political trust. World Politics . ISSN 0043-8871 (In Press)
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=WPO
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1581
2020-05-04T20:22:22Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1581/
Interface dynamics in planar neural field models
Coombes, Stephen
Schmidt, Helmut
Bojak, Ingo
Neural field models describe the coarse-grained activity of populations of interacting neurons. Because of the laminar structure of real cortical tissue they are often studied in two spatial dimensions, where they are well known to generate rich patterns of spatiotemporal activity. Such patterns have been interpreted in a variety of contexts ranging from the understanding of visual hallucinations to the generation of electroencephalographic signals. Typical patterns include localized solutions in the form of traveling spots, as well as intricate labyrinthine structures. These patterns are naturally defined by the interface between low and high states of neural activity. Here we derive the equations of motion for such interfaces and show, for a Heaviside firing rate, that the normal velocity of an interface is given in terms of a non-local Biot-Savart type interaction over the boundaries of the high activity regions. This exact, but dimensionally reduced, system of equations is solved numerically and shown to be in excellent agreement with the full nonlinear integral equation defining the neural field. We develop a linear stability analysis for the interface dynamics that allows us to understand the mechanisms of pattern formation that arise from instabilities of spots, rings, stripes and fronts. We further show how to analyze neural field models with linear adaptation currents, and determine the conditions for the dynamic instability of spots that can give rise to breathers and traveling waves.
Springer
2012
Article
PeerReviewed
Coombes, Stephen, Schmidt, Helmut and Bojak, Ingo (2012) Interface dynamics in planar neural field models. Journal of Mathematical Neuroscience . ISSN 2190-8567 (In Press)
http://www.mathematical-neuroscience.com/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1592
2020-05-04T20:22:51Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1592/
Promotionalism, motivationalism and reasons to perform physically impossible actions
Sinclair, Neil
Springer
2012
Article
PeerReviewed
Sinclair, Neil (2012) Promotionalism, motivationalism and reasons to perform physically impossible actions. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice . ISSN 1386-2820 (In Press)
10.1007/s10677-012-9360-9
10.1007/s10677-012-9360-9
10.1007/s10677-012-9360-9
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1645
2020-05-04T20:21:10Z
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66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1645/
Re-thinking Herczegfalvy: the ECHR and the control of psychiatric treatment
Bartlett, Peter
This chapter forms part of a E Brems (ed), Diversity and Human Rights: Rewriting Judgments of the ECHR (Cambridge: CUP, forthcoming 2013), in which lawyers and academics re-write judgments of the ECHR in a number of human rights areas.
This chapter looks at the case of Herzcegfalvy v Austria, which establishes the framework for the ECHR's consideration of involuntary psychiatric treatment. It argues that consistent with developments in international law and disability rights, much stronger justifications for involuntary treatment should be required (if indeed involuntary treatment is to be permitted at all).
Cambridge University Press
Brems, Eva
2012-11
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
Bartlett, Peter (2012) Re-thinking Herczegfalvy: the ECHR and the control of psychiatric treatment. In: Diversity and Human Rights: Rewriting Judgments of the ECHR. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9781107026605 (In Press)
http://www.cambridge.org/aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9781107026605
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1652
2020-05-04T20:21:09Z
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http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1652/
On the numerical continuation of isolas of equilibria
Avitabile, Daniele
Desroches, Mathieu
Rodrigues, Serafim
We present a numerical strategy to compute one-parameter families of isolas of equilibrium solutions in ODEs. Isolas are solution branches closed in parameter space. Numerical
continuation is required to compute one single isola since it contains at least one unstable segment. We show how to use pseudo-arclength predictor-corrector schemes in order to follow an entire isola in parameter space, as an individual object, by posing a suitable algebraic problem. We continue isolas of equilibria in a two-dimensional dynamical system, the so-called continuous stirred tank reactor model, and also in a three-dimensional model related to plasma physics. We then construct a toy model and follow a family of isolas past a fold and illustrate how to initiate the computation close to a formation center, using approximate ellipses in a model inspired by the Van der Pol equation. We also show how to introduce node adaptivity in the discretization of the isola, so as to concentrate nodes in region with higher curvature. We conclude by commenting on the extension of the proposed numerical strategy to the case of isolas of periodic orbits.
World Scientific
2012-11
Article
PeerReviewed
Avitabile, Daniele, Desroches, Mathieu and Rodrigues, Serafim (2012) On the numerical continuation of isolas of equilibria. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 22 (11). 1250277/1- 1250277/12. ISSN 0218-1274 (In Press)
http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S021812741250277X
doi:10.1142/S021812741250277X
doi:10.1142/S021812741250277X
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1677
2020-05-04T20:22:39Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535335
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1677/
Is the future bright for enterprise groups in insolvency? – analysis of UNCITRAL’s new recommendations on the domestic aspects
Mevorach, Irit
Ashgate
Omar, Paul
2012
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Mevorach, Irit (2012) Is the future bright for enterprise groups in insolvency? – analysis of UNCITRAL’s new recommendations on the domestic aspects. In: International insolvency law: challenges and reforms. Ashgate, Aldershot. ISBN 9780754674825 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1678
2020-05-04T20:20:37Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:45647532
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1678/
The weight and breadth of evidence: some reflections on the strengths of international education and development research
McGrath, Simon
Editorial in which I consider the strengths of the international and comparative education research tradition in the face of the "evidence based turn".
Elsevier
2013
Article
PeerReviewed
McGrath, Simon (2013) The weight and breadth of evidence: some reflections on the strengths of international education and development research. International Journal of Educational Development, 33 (1). p. 1. ISSN 0738-0593 (In Press)
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-educational-development/
doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.07.005
doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.07.005
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1721
2020-05-04T20:22:39Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535335
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1721/
INSOL Europe’s proposals on groups of companies (in cross-border insolvency): a critical appraisal
Mevorach, Irit
International bodies have started to address the problem of cross-border insolvency of corporate groups rather recently. UNCITRAL has adopted a set of recommendations and the EU Commission may address the matter in the near future, in the process of revising the European Insolvency Regulation. It is, therefore, timely to evaluate major proposals for the Regulation’s amendment regarding groups, suggested by INSOL Europe. The paper critically evaluates the proposals regarding coordination of group cases and the concept of substantive consolidation. This evaluation takes account of both the variety of possible group structures and the goals the insolvency regime would aim to achieve.
Wiley
2012
Article
PeerReviewed
Mevorach, Irit (2012) INSOL Europe’s proposals on groups of companies (in cross-border insolvency): a critical appraisal. International Insolvency Review, 21 (3). ISSN 1180-0518 (In Press)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291099-1107/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1766
2020-05-04T16:34:15Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633:4D65643337
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535337
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1766/
Occupational therapy pre-discharge HOme VIsits for patients with a Stroke (HOVIS): results of a randomised controlled trial
Drummond, A.E.R.
Whitehead, P.
Fellows, K.
Sprigg, Nikola
Sampson, Christopher James
Edwards, Claire
Lincoln, Nadina
Objective
To conduct a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of occupational therapy predischarge home visits for people after stroke in order to assess the feasibility of a definitive trial.
Design
Two studies; a randomised controlled trial and a cohort study. We randomised eligible patients for whom there was clinical uncertainty about the need to conduct a home visit in to an RCT; patients for whom a visit was deemed ‘essential’, were enrolled into a cohort study.
Setting
Stroke rehabilitation unit of teaching hospital Participants 126 participants hospitalised following recent stroke. Interventions Pre-discharge home visit with an occupational therapist or structured hospital based interview with occupational therapist.
Main outcome measures
The primary objective was to collect information on the feasibility of an RCT, including eligibility criteria, consent procedures, control intervention, and outcome assessments. The primary outcome measure was the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale (NEADL) at one month after
discharge from hospital. Secondary outcomes were measures of activities of daily living, mood, quality of life and costs at one week and one month following discharge.
Results
Ninety- three people were allocated to the RCT. Of these 47 were randomised to intervention and 46 to the control. Thirty-three patients were enrolled into the cohort study and received a home visit. Forty-one (87%) participants in the RCT intervention group and 29 (88%) participants in the cohort study received the intervention. There were no significant differences in outcome between the groups in the RCT for the primary outcome measure (performance in extended activities of daily living) at one month. The average cost of a home visit was £208 (£183 for those in the RCT and £243 for those in the cohort study). The average cost of the interview for the control group was £75.
Conclusion
Our main finding was that recruitment to the trial was feasible and no safety issues were raised. A trial is warranted given the resource implications of pre- discharge occupational therapy home visits.
SAGE
2012-10-31
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Drummond, A.E.R., Whitehead, P., Fellows, K., Sprigg, Nikola, Sampson, Christopher James, Edwards, Claire and Lincoln, Nadina (2012) Occupational therapy pre-discharge HOme VIsits for patients with a Stroke (HOVIS): results of a randomised controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation . ISSN 1477-0873 (In Press)
http://cre.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/10/31/0269215512462145
doi:10.1177/0269215512462145
doi:10.1177/0269215512462145
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1854
2020-05-04T20:21:30Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1854/
The algorithmics of solitaire-like games
Backhouse, Roland
Chen, Wei
Ferreira, João F.
One-person solitaire-like games are explored with a view to using them in teaching algorithmic problem solving. The key to understanding solutions to such games is the identification of invariant properties of polynomial arithmetic. We demonstrate this via three case studies: solitaire itself, tiling problems and a novel class of one-person games.
The known classification of states of the game of (peg) solitaire into 16 equivalence classes is used to introduce the relevance of polynomial arithmetic. Then we give a novel algebraic formulation of the solution to a class of tiling problems. Finally, we introduce an infinite class of challenging one-person games, which we call ``replacement-set games'', inspired by earlier work by Chen and Backhouse on the relation between cyclotomic polynomials and generalisations of the seven-trees-in-one type isomorphism. We present an algorithm to solve arbitrary instances of replacement-set games and we show various ways of constructing infinite (solvable) classes of replacement-set games.
Elsevier
2012-07
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Backhouse, Roland, Chen, Wei and Ferreira, João F. (2012) The algorithmics of solitaire-like games. Science of Computer Programming . ISSN 0167-6423 (In Press)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2012.07.007
10.1016/j.scico.2012.07.007
10.1016/j.scico.2012.07.007
10.1016/j.scico.2012.07.007
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:1950
2020-05-04T16:36:18Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/1950/
Building open bridges: collaborative remixing and reuse of open educational resources across organisations
Coughlan, Tim
Pitt, Rebecca
McAndrew, Patrick
In this paper we analyse the remixing and reuse of online learning materials offered as Open Educational Resources (OER). We explore the practices that developed as a set of course materials were released as OER from the UK, remixed for a US context by a cross-organisational, cross- cultural team, and then reused in a broad range of educational settings. We analyse the approaches taken during these remixing and reuse activities as novel forms of creative collaboration. As a basis for comparison, we explore similarities and differences with other Open practices. We identify how openness provoked novel inter- organisational collaboration and forms of ownership; define forms of open practice that need support, and present issues that should be considered in devising and supporting open projects in education and beyond.
ACM Press
2013-04-27
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Coughlan, Tim, Pitt, Rebecca and McAndrew, Patrick (2013) Building open bridges: collaborative remixing and reuse of open educational resources across organisations. In: CHI 2013, Changing Perspectives: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013, 27 Apr - 02 May 2013, Paris, France. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2053
2020-05-04T20:17:23Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636935
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2053/
Geometrical issues in the continuum mechanics of solid crystals
Nicks, Rachel
Parry, Gareth P.
We shall outline geometrical and algebraic ideas which appear to lie at the foundation of the theory of defective crystals that was introduced by Davini [5] in 1986. The focus of the paper will be on the connection between continuous and discrete models of such crystals, approached by consideration of the symmetries inherent in these models. To begin with, we review briefy the results of analysis of variational problems where relevant functionals have the symmetry of perfect (as opposed to defective) crystals, in order to motivate the subsequent study of symmetry in the case when defects are present. In the body of the paper we indicate how the theory of Lie groups, and their discrete subgroups, relates to this geometrical theory of defects, and discuss types of symmetry that occur.
Miskolci Egyetemi Kiadó
2014
Article
PeerReviewed
Nicks, Rachel and Parry, Gareth P. (2014) Geometrical issues in the continuum mechanics of solid crystals. Miskolc Mathematical Notes . ISSN 1787-2405 (In Press)
http://mat76.mat.uni-miskolc.hu/~mnotes/index.php
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2061
2020-05-08T13:00:04Z
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2063
2020-05-04T20:22:47Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2063/
Discovering sequential patterns in a UK general practice database
Reps, Jenna
Garibaldi, Jonathan M.
Aickelin, Uwe
Soria, Daniele
Gibson, Jack E.
Hubbard, Richard B.
The wealth of computerised medical information becoming readily available presents the opportunity to examine
patterns of illnesses, therapies and responses. These patterns may be able to predict illnesses that a patient is likely to develop, allowing the implementation of preventative actions.
In this paper sequential rule mining is applied to a General
Practice database to find rules involving a patients age, gender and medical history. By incorporating these rules into current health-care a patient can be highlighted as susceptible to a future illness based on past or current illnesses, gender and year of birth. This knowledge has the ability to greatly improve health-care and reduce health-care costs.
2012
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Reps, Jenna, Garibaldi, Jonathan M., Aickelin, Uwe, Soria, Daniele, Gibson, Jack E. and Hubbard, Richard B. (2012) Discovering sequential patterns in a UK general practice database. In: 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, 5-7 Jan 2012, Hong Kong. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2126
2020-05-04T20:18:47Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2126/
The Timestreams platform: artist mediated participatory sensing for environmental discourse
Blum, Jesse
Flintham, Martin
Jacobs, Rachel
Shipp, Victoria
Kefalidou, Genovefa
Brown, Michael
McAuley, Derek
Ubiquitous and pervasive computing techniques have been used to inform discourses around climate change and energy insecurity, traditionally through data capture and representation for scientists, policy makers and the public. Research into re-engaging the public with sustainability and climate change issues reveals the significance of emotional and personal engagement alongside locally meaningful, globally-relevant and data-informed climate messaging for the public. New ubiquitous and pervasive computing techniques are emerging to support the next generation of climate change stakeholders, including artists, community practitioners, educators and data hackers, to create scientific data responsive artworks and performances. Grounded in our experiences of community based artistic interventions, we explore the design and deployments of the Timestreams platform, demonstrating usages of ubiquitous and pervasive computing within these new forms of discourse around climate change and energy insecurity.
2013-09
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Blum, Jesse, Flintham, Martin, Jacobs, Rachel, Shipp, Victoria, Kefalidou, Genovefa, Brown, Michael and McAuley, Derek (2013) The Timestreams platform: artist mediated participatory sensing for environmental discourse. In: 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2013), 8–12 Sept 2013, Zurich, Switzerland. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2131
2020-05-04T20:19:53Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2131/
Towns conquer: a gamified application to collect geographical names (vernacular names/toponyms)
Castellote, Jesus
Huerta, Joaquin
Pescador, Javier
Brown, Michael
The traditional model for geospatial crowd sourcing asks the public to use their free time collecting geospatial data for no obvious reward. This model has shown to work very well on projects such as Open Street Map, but comes with some clear disadvantages such as reliance on small communities of ‘Neo-geographers’ and variability in quality and content of collected data. This project aims at tackling these problems by providing alternative motivation specifically a smartphone based computer game service. Geographical names (vernacular names/ toponyms) have been identified as potential targets as they are difficult to collect on a large scale and easy to collect locally, thus ideal for crowd sourcing. The data set will be a toponyms database provided by the Spanish National Geographic Institute (IGN Spain). A location based game is targeted as it is easy to guide data collection with in-game rewards (prizes, points, badges etc.). Android is chosen for its accessible API and wide use.
2013
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Castellote, Jesus, Huerta, Joaquin, Pescador, Javier and Brown, Michael (2013) Towns conquer: a gamified application to collect geographical names (vernacular names/toponyms). In: AGILE 2013, 14-17 May, 2013, Leuven, Belgium. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2136
2020-05-04T20:17:17Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727435:4172743532
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2136/
German writers remember 9/11: Katharina Hacker’s "The Have-Nots"
Meyer, Franziska
Walter de Gruyter
Bond, Lucy
Rapson, Jessica
2014
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Meyer, Franziska (2014) German writers remember 9/11: Katharina Hacker’s "The Have-Nots". In: The transcultural turn: interrogating memory between and beyond borders. Media and Cultural Memory / Medien und kulturelle Erinnerung (15). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. ISBN 9783110337617 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2138
2020-05-04T20:20:42Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727434:4172743434
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2138/
The adequacy of genuine modal realism
Noonan, Harold
Oxford University Press
2013
Article
PeerReviewed
Noonan, Harold (2013) The adequacy of genuine modal realism. Mind . ISSN 0026-4423 (In Press)
http://mind.oxfordjournals.org/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2152
2020-05-04T20:19:47Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727435:41727431
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2152/
James Buchanan and the secession crisis
Ashworth, John
An account of the actions, motives, successes and failure of President James Buchanan as he confronted the collapse of the American nation in 1860-1861
Wiley-Blackwell
Silbey, Joel H.
2013
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Ashworth, John (2013) James Buchanan and the secession crisis. In: A companion to the Antebellum Presidents, 1837-1861. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781444339123 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2156
2020-05-04T20:18:37Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727434:4172743431
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2156/
An indefensible frontier: the Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
Poulter, Andrew G.
It has been long maintained that the system of barrier walls and fortlets in the Julian Alps dates to the early 4th century and that it was a fortification line used to defend Italy during times of civil war. Reviewing the historical, archaeological and topographic evidence, it is here argued that its military importance has been much exaggerated; one role may well have been to regulate traffic and perhaps to exact taxes from the civilians using the imperial road system, or crossing from Illyricum into Italy. Its date cannot be yet established for certain but the most likely context is the very end of the 4th century AD, not long before the system was abandoned at some point during the first decade of the 5th century. Contrary to received wisdom, it was incapable of repulsing any major force coming from the East, whether they were Goths or Romans. Regulation and taxation, however, do not require the erection of barrier walls. There must have been additional reasons for their construction even though the walls were unable to deal with anything more than a low intensity threat. What the percieived danger was, it is impossible to determin for certain,except that there were a series of problems facing the Western Empire c. 390-400 which could warrant the construction of a 'frontier' in the Julian Alps; an influx of refugees from Illyricum, Gothic war bands from Thrace, raiding parties from across the Danube and the endemic danger posed by local bandits. Any one of these, or more likely a combination of several factors, precipitated the decision to regulate, but not seriously to defend the routes which led west from Illyricum and into the Italian peninsular.
Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut
2013-11
Article
PeerReviewed
Poulter, Andrew G. (2013) An indefensible frontier: the Claustra Alpium Iuliarum. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien, 81 . ISSN 0078-3579 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2160
2020-05-04T20:20:31Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727434:4172743332
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2160/
Empire, city, nation: Venice's imperial past and the 'making of Italians' from unification to fascism
Laven, David
Damien, Elsa
Central European University Press
Berger, Stefan
Miller, Alexei
2013
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Laven, David and Damien, Elsa (2013) Empire, city, nation: Venice's imperial past and the 'making of Italians' from unification to fascism. In: Regional integration as a function of empire. Central European University Press, Budapest. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2200
2020-05-04T16:38:47Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727432
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2200/
Waxing into words: Virginia Woolf and the Westminster Abbey funeral effigies
Kore Schroder, Leena
This articles derives its methodology from an analysis of the figures in the historical collection of royal funeral effigies in Westminster Abbey, London. As historical representations these resist categorisation: are they to be read as human and profane, or idealized and sacred; are they authorized, or carnivalesque history; are they fiction or fact? These effigies make official history disturbingly strange even as they appeal to us at the level of bodily familiarity. The Abbey wax figures fascinated Virginia Woolf throughout her life and make multiple cameo appearances in her work. The article centres on the historiographical strategies of her 1928 essay, ‘Waxworks at the Abbey’, in order to show how Woolf reconfigures history in ways which anticipate its ultimate embodiment in the character Eliza Clark in the 1941 Between the Acts. With her ‘pearl-hung’ head, ‘shiny satins’ and ‘sixpenny brooches’, Eliza is both everyday shopkeeper and yet another waxwork dummy of Elizabeth I, inhabiting that borderland where what is most ordinary suddenly becomes the uncanny.
Rohnert Park, Calif
2013-09-23
Article
PeerReviewed
Kore Schroder, Leena (2013) Waxing into words: Virginia Woolf and the Westminster Abbey funeral effigies. Virginia Woolf Miscellany, 85 (Sp . ISSN 0736-251X (In Press)
http://home.southernct.edu/~neverowv1/VWM_Online.html
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2209
2020-05-04T20:20:38Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636931:5363693134
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2209/
Weight loss in a UK commercial all meal provision study: a randomised controlled trial
Mellor, D.D.
Whitham, C.
Goodwin, S.
Morris, M.
Reid, M.
Atkin, S.L.
Background: Effective approaches are needed to address the increasing prev- alence of overweight and obesity. The present study investigated whether all meal provision was a more effective and acceptable method for weight loss than a self-directed diet.
Methods: This randomised controlled trial recruited 112 men and women with a body mass index in the range 27–35 kg m–2, who had no comorbidi- ties, from the local area of Hull. Participants were randomised to receive either meal provision or follow a self-directed diet for a 12-week period that resulted in an estimated 2928 kJ day␣1 (700 kcal day␣1) deficit. A dietitian supervised both dietary interventions.
Results: At 12 weeks [mean (SEM)], percentage weight loss in the meal provision group was 6.6% (0.5%) compared to 4.3% (0.6%) for those on the self-directed diet. In terms of clinically relevant weight loss, 61% of par- ticipants lost 5% or more of their body weight with meal provision com- pared to 22% on the self-directed diet (P < 0.001). Weight loss was associated with wellbeing in both groups. Attrition was less apparent with 7% of those participants receiving meal provision withdrawing from the study compared to 41% of those following the self-directed diet (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Meal provision was a more effective and accepted method for weight loss over a 12-week period compared to a self-directed diet. This may in part represent the difference between being given the meal provision food free of charge. However, longer-term maintenance studies need to be
undertaken to
ascertain their effects on the maintenance of weight loss.
2013
Article
PeerReviewed
Mellor, D.D., Whitham, C., Goodwin, S., Morris, M., Reid, M. and Atkin, S.L. (2013) Weight loss in a UK commercial all meal provision study: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics . ISSN 0952-3871 (In Press)
doi:10.1111/jhn.12171
doi:10.1111/jhn.12171
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2216
2020-05-04T20:19:54Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727435:4172743531
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2216/
Territories of literary history: the shifting boundaries of Francophone literature in Canada
Chapman, Rosemary
The writing of literary history opens up a range of questions about territory and boundaries. While recognising the energising role of Quebec nationalism in the emergence and affirmation of Québécois literature in the second half of the Twentieth Century, it is important to recognize the effects of such a national(ist) narrative on the shape of literary history, on its focus, its inclusions and exclusions. No single narrative can account for the complex literary history of Francophone literature in Canada. The enduring impact of Canada’s colonial past on the indigenous population, on the two settler communities and on subsequent waves of inward and outward migration has resulted in a literary and cultural life which needs to be viewed from a range of different perspectives. This article will begin to explore how notions of territory might contribute to a more flexible and inclusive understanding of the literary histories of Francophone literature in Canada.
Laurentian University, Ontario
Cheadle, N.
Boissonneault, J.
Reguigui, A.
2013
Book Section
PeerReviewed
Chapman, Rosemary (2013) Territories of literary history: the shifting boundaries of Francophone literature in Canada. In: Language and territory: literary spaces/Langues et territoire: espaces littéraires. Human sciences monograph series, 16/Série monographique en Sciences humaines, 16 . Laurentian University, Ontario, Sudbury, ONT, pp. 65-86. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2282
2020-05-04T16:47:55Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2282/
Using adaptive architecture to support yoga practices: social considerations for design
Jäger, Nils
Moran, Stuart
Schnädelbach, Holger
The field of Adaptive Architecture aims to design built environments, which truly adapt to their occupants. ExoBuilding is an in-house prototypical example of Adaptive Architecture, which actuates in response to breathing and heart- rate of its occupants. In this work-in-progress paper, we discuss our aims to apply the technology to the practice of Yoga, in which a core aspect is controlled breathing. We explore the social considerations of deploying this novel technology, and then examine the different possibilities for interaction.
2014-05-15
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Jäger, Nils, Moran, Stuart and Schnädelbach, Holger (2014) Using adaptive architecture to support yoga practices: social considerations for design. In: IEEE - PerComp: Social Implications of Pervasive Computing, 24 March, 2014, Budapest, Hungary. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2759
2020-05-04T20:17:29Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727434:4172743431
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2759/
Shifting occupation dynamics in the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valleys (Andorra) from the early Neolithic to the Chalcolithic: the onset of high mountain cultural landscapes
Orengo, Hector A.
Palet Martínez, Josep M.
Ejarque, Ana
Miras, Yannick
Riera-Mora, Santiago
The Madriu–Perafita–Claror valleys (MPCV) (Eastern Pyrenees, Andorra) were the focus of a multidisciplinary microregional landscape research project that aimed to study the long term shaping of this UNESCO World Heritage Site in the category of cultural landscape. The study area is situated on a glacial modelled high mountain environment ranging from 1250 to 2800 m.a.s.l.
Multidisciplinary approaches integrating archaeology and palaeoenvironment have been directed towards the unravelling of the long-term human–landscape relationships, which ultimately resulted in the MPCV cultural landscape. The development of high-resolution temporal and spatial studies could successfully correlate archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data. This study leads to the location of more than 400 archaeological structures, 55 of which were excavated, and the multiproxy study of 7 palaeoenvironmental sequences. The combination and analysis of all these data have permitted developing a history of human–environment interactions from the Mesolithic to the 20th century. In this paper, data gathered in the MPCV corresponding to the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods are presented for the first time.
During the Early Neolithic small groups are documented with a diversified economy in which grazing, hunting, fishing, gathering and an incipient cereal agriculture activities are well represented. These groups seem to follow highly mobile occupation patterns with continuous high mountain seasonal grazing exploitations that lasted one or two centuries. They appear to frequent diverse altitudinal belts in order to take advantage of different resources. A strong pastoral orientation is related to the exploitation of high mountain areas.
During the Middle/late Neolithic human groups show a higher degree of sedentism. Hunting and gathering are still important activities although agriculture and animal husbandry increase in importance. During this period an augmentation in the pastoral pressure in the MPCV is also documented, linked to the first use of fires to create grazing areas. Symbolic landscape appropriation practices are also firstly documented during this period.
During the Chalcolithic, human landscape use becomes intensive enough to cause permanent landscape changes. The upper parts of the MPCV are deforested by the action of fire while intensive agriculture takes place at the lower valleys.
The evidence presented by the MPCV project demonstrates that it was during the Neolithic when this high mountain cultural landscape was firstly formed. This process is probably related to an increase in the population and progressive sedentism, which required a more intensive and organised use of resources and, eventually, the adoption of landscape management practices.
Elsevier
2014
Article
PeerReviewed
Orengo, Hector A., Palet Martínez, Josep M., Ejarque, Ana, Miras, Yannick and Riera-Mora, Santiago (2014) Shifting occupation dynamics in the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valleys (Andorra) from the early Neolithic to the Chalcolithic: the onset of high mountain cultural landscapes. Quaternary International . ISSN 1040-6182 (In Press)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618214000500
doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.035
doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.035
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2837
2020-05-04T16:41:02Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D656434
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2837/
How does it really feel to be in my shoes?: patients' experiences of compassion within nursing care and their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses
Bramley, Louise
Matiti, Milika
Aims and objectives
To understand how patients experience compassion within nursing care and explore their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses.
Background
Compassion is a fundamental part of nursing care. Individually, nurses have a duty of care to show compassion; an absence can lead to patients feeling devalued and lacking in emotional support. Despite recent media attention, primary research around patients' experiences and perceptions of compassion in practice and its development in nursing care remains in short supply.
Design
A qualitative exploratory descriptive approach.
Methods
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 patients in a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic networks were used in analysis.
Results
Three overarching themes emerged from the data: (1) what is compassion: knowing me and giving me your time, (2) understanding the impact of compassion: how it feels in my shoes and (3) being more compassionate: communication and the essence of nursing.
Conclusion
Compassion from nursing staff is broadly aligned with actions of care, which can often take time. However, for some, this element of time needs only be fleeting to establish a compassionate connection. Despite recent calls for the increased focus compassion at all levels in nurse education and training, patient opinion was divided on whether it can be taught or remains a moral virtue. Gaining understanding of the impact of uncompassionate actions presents an opportunity to change both individual and cultural behaviours.
Relevance to clinical practice
It comes as a timely reminder that the smallest of nursing actions can convey compassion. Introducing vignettes of real-life situations from the lens of the patient to engage practitioners in collaborative learning in the context of compassionate nursing could offer opportunities for valuable and legitimate professional development.
Wiley
2014-01-31
Article
PeerReviewed
Bramley, Louise and Matiti, Milika (2014) How does it really feel to be in my shoes?: patients' experiences of compassion within nursing care and their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing . 10/1-10/10. ISSN 0962-1067 (In Press)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocn.12537/abstract
doi:10.1111/jocn.12537
doi:10.1111/jocn.12537
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:2990
2017-10-14T09:51:59Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535335
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2990/
Good act, poor implementation: the report of the House of Lords Post-Legislative Scrutiny Committee on the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Bartlett, Peter
The House of Lords Post-Legislative Scrutiny Committee on the Mental Capacity Act 2005 reported on 13 March 2014. This paper considers the findings and recommendations of the Committee, and in particular its two key recommendations – the establishment of an independent oversight body to co-ordinate implementation of the Act, and the need to develop a replacement for the present deprivation of liberty safeguards (DOLS).
Jordan
2014-07
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2990/1/Elder_Law_Journal_paper_14_04_02.pdf
Bartlett, Peter (2014) Good act, poor implementation: the report of the House of Lords Post-Legislative Scrutiny Committee on the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Elder Law Journal, [2014] . p. 157. ISSN 2044-9593 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3042
2020-05-04T16:51:26Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:456E67:456E6735
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3042/
Living with the user: design drama for dementia care through responsive scripted experiences in the home
Coughlan, Tim
Brown, Michael
Lawson, Glyn
McAuley, Derek
Baurley, Sharon
Tsai, Allen
Koppe, Therese
Elliott, Meretta
Green, Stephen
Martin, Jennifer L.
Participation in forms of drama and narrative can provoke empathy and creativity in user-centred design processes. In this paper, we expand upon existing methods to explore the potential for responsive scripted experiences that are delivered through the combination of sensors and output devices placed in a home. The approach is being developed in the context of Dementia care, where the capacity for rich user participation in design activities is limited. In this case, a system can act as a proxy for a person with Dementia, allowing designers to gain experiences and insight as to what it is like to provide care for, and live with, this person. We describe the rationale behind the approach, a prototype system architecture, and our current work to explore the creation of scripted experiences for design, played out though UbiComp technologies.
2014-07-03
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Coughlan, Tim, Brown, Michael, Lawson, Glyn, McAuley, Derek, Baurley, Sharon, Tsai, Allen, Koppe, Therese, Elliott, Meretta, Green, Stephen and Martin, Jennifer L. (2014) Living with the user: design drama for dementia care through responsive scripted experiences in the home. In: ACM UbiComp '14, 13-17 Sept 2014, Seattle. (In Press)
http://ubicomp.org/ubicomp2014/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3087
2017-10-14T08:46:20Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636937
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633:4D65643534
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3087/
A randomised trial of ondansetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea
Garsed, Klara
Chernova, Julia
Hastings, Margaret
Lam, Ching
Marciani, Luca
Singh, Gulzar
Henry, Amanda P.
Hall, Ian P.
Whorwell, Peter
Spiller, Robin C.
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) is particularly debilitating due to urgency and episodic incontinence. Some 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) have proven effective but have serious side effects. Ondansetron, also a 5-HT3RA, has been widely used as an antiemetic with an excellent safety record for over two decades. Our aim was to assess its effectiveness in IBS-D.
Methods: 120 patients meeting Rome III criteria for IBS-D entered a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 5 weeks of ondansetron 4 mg versus placebo with dose titration allowed, up to two tablets three times daily in the first 3 weeks. Patients completed daily diaries documenting stool consistency using the Bristol Stool Form score. Gut transit was measured in the last week of each treatment. The primary endpoint was average stool consistency in the last 2 weeks of treatment.
Results: Ondansetron significantly improved stool consistency (mean difference in stool form between ondansetron and placebo −0.9, 95% CI −1.1 to −0.6, p<0.001). Compared with placebo, patients on ondansetron experienced fewer days with urgency (p<0.001), lower urgency scores (p<0.001), reduced frequency of defaecation (p=0.002) and less bloating (p=0.002), although pain scores did not change significantly. IBS symptom severity score fell more with ondansetron than placebo (83±9.8 vs 37±9.7, p=0.001). 65% reported adequate relief with ondansetron but not placebo compared with 14% reporting relief with placebo but not ondansetron, relative risk 4.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 8.5, p<0.001.
Conclusions: Ondansetron relieves some of the most intrusive symptoms of IBS-D, namely loose stools, frequency and urgency.
BMJ Publishing Group
2013-12-12
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
cc_by
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3087/1/Garsed_Spiller_Gut_online.pdf
Garsed, Klara, Chernova, Julia, Hastings, Margaret, Lam, Ching, Marciani, Luca, Singh, Gulzar, Henry, Amanda P., Hall, Ian P., Whorwell, Peter and Spiller, Robin C. (2013) A randomised trial of ondansetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Gut . ISSN 1468-3288 (In Press)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305989
doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305989
doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305989
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3125
2020-05-04T16:46:42Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:456E67
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3125/
Toward more realistic viscosity measurements of tyre rubber–bitumen blends
Lo Presti, Davide
Fecarotti, Claudia
Clare, Adam T.
Airey, Gordon
The measurement of rheological properties of the tyre rubber bitumen blends is often challenging due to presence of suspended tyre rubber’s crumbs. Furthermore, the phase separation during the course of measurements makes the viscosity of these non-homogeneous blends difficult to ascertain. In this study, a new dual helical impeller was designed and manufactured to be used with a rotational viscometer in order to have a real-time control of the viscosity while performing a laboratory mixing of the blends. Layer based manufacturing techniques showed to be a convenient method to produce complex shaped impeller prototypes before manufacturing the more expensive stainless steel assembly. Impeller geometry was optimised to create a convective like flow within the sample and so minimise phase separation. Shear rate constant is geometry dependent and a calibration exercise was carried out to ascertain this. Results of both calibration and validation phases showed that the new impeller provides reliable viscosity measurements of homogenous fluids such as neat bitumen. With regards to complex fluids the new impeller showed a more stable and realistic trend than that obtained by using a standard spindle. In fact, it was demonstrated that the new impeller significantly decreases phase separation within the blend and in turns provides a more realistic measurement of the viscosity. This system represents a feasible and improved solution for optimising the laboratory modification process of tyre rubber bitumen blends by adapting the rotational viscometer as a low-shear mixer.
Elsevier
2014-04-13
Article
PeerReviewed
Lo Presti, Davide, Fecarotti, Claudia, Clare, Adam T. and Airey, Gordon (2014) Toward more realistic viscosity measurements of tyre rubber–bitumen blends. Construction and Building Materials . ISSN 0950-0618 (In Press)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061814003018
doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.038
doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.038
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3185
2020-05-04T20:14:45Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:47656E:47656E31
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3185/
Research data sharing: developing a stakeholder-driven model for journal policies
Sturges, Paul
Bamkin, Marianne
Anders, Jane H.S.
Hubbard, Bill
Hussain, Azhar
Heeley, Melanie
The conclusions of research articles generally depend on bodies of data that cannot be included in the articles themselves. The sharing of this data is important for reasons of both transparency and possible reuse. Science, Technology and Medicine journals have an obvious role in facilitating sharing, but how they might do that is not yet clear. The Journal Research Data (JoRD) Project was a JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) funded feasibility study on the possible shape of a central service on journal research data policies. The objectives of the study included, amongst other considerations: to identify the current state of journal data sharing policies and to investigate the views and practices of stakeholders to data sharing. The project confirmed that a large percentage of journals do not have a policy on data sharing, and that there are inconsistencies between the traceable journal data sharing policies. Such a state leaves authors unsure of whether they should deposit data relating to articles and where and how to share that data. In the absence of a consolidated infrastructure for the easy sharing of data, a journal data sharing model policy was developed. The model policy was developed from comparing the quantitative information gathered from analysing existing journal data policies with qualitative data collected from the stakeholders concerned. This article summarises the information gathered, outlines the process by which the model was developed and presents the model journal data sharing policy in full.
Association for Information Science and Technology
2014-05
Article
PeerReviewed
Sturges, Paul, Bamkin, Marianne, Anders, Jane H.S., Hubbard, Bill, Hussain, Azhar and Heeley, Melanie (2014) Research data sharing: developing a stakeholder-driven model for journal policies. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology . ISSN 2330-1643 (In Press)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292330-1643
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3282
2020-05-04T20:17:56Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727435:4172743132
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
6469766973696F6E733D554E4D43:4D2D536369:4D2D53636934
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3282/
Wearables or infrastructure: contrasting approaches to collecting behavioural data in the home
Victoria, Shipp
Tim, Coughlan
Sarah, Martindale
Kher Hui, Ng
Elizabeth, Evans
Richard, Mortier
Stuart, Reeves
This paper examines and contrasts two approaches to collecting behavioural data within the home. The first of these involves filming from static video cameras combined with network logging to capture media consumption activities across multiple screens. The second utilises wearable cameras that passively collect still images to provide insights into food related behaviours. The paper compares the approaches from the perspective of the researchers and participants, and outlines the key benefits and challenges of each, with the aim of further mapping the space of possibilities now available when studying behaviour in the home.
2014
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Victoria, Shipp, Tim, Coughlan, Sarah, Martindale, Kher Hui, Ng, Elizabeth, Evans, Richard, Mortier and Stuart, Reeves (2014) Wearables or infrastructure: contrasting approaches to collecting behavioural data in the home. In: HomeSys 2014, 13-17 Sept 2014, Seattle. (In Press)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641558
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3330
2020-05-04T20:16:07Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636935
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3330/
Noise reduction in coarse bifurcation analysis of stochastic agent-based models: an example of consumer lock-in
Avitabile, Daniele
Hoyle, Rebecca
Samaey, Giovanni
We investigate coarse equilibrium states of a fine-scale, stochastic agent-based model of consumer lock-in in a duopolistic market. In the model, agents decide on their next purchase based on a combination of their personal preference and their neighbours' opinions. For agents with independent identically-distributed parameters and all-to-all coupling, we derive an analytic approximate coarse evolution-map for the expected average purchase. We then study the emergence of coarse fronts when segregation is present in the relative perceived quality of products. We develop a novel Newton-Krylov method that is able to compute accurately and efficiently coarse fixed points when the underlying fine-scale dynamics is stochastic. The main novelty of the algorithm is in the elimination of the noise that is generated when estimating Jacobian-vector products using time-integration of perturbed initial conditions. We present numerical results that demonstrate the convergence properties of the numerical method, and use the method to show that macroscopic fronts in this model destabilise at a coarse symmetry-breaking bifurcation.
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
2014
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Avitabile, Daniele, Hoyle, Rebecca and Samaey, Giovanni (2014) Noise reduction in coarse bifurcation analysis of stochastic agent-based models: an example of consumer lock-in. SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical System . ISSN 1536-0040 (In Press)
http://www.siam.org/journals/siads.php
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3383
2020-05-04T20:16:48Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535337
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3383/
Imagining the future at the global and national scale:
a comparative study of British and Dutch press coverage of Rio 1992 and Rio 2012
Hellsten, Iina
Porter, Amanda
Nerlich, Brigitte
Climate change and imagined futures are intricately linked, discussed by policymakers and reported in the media. In this article we focus on the construction of future expectation in the press coverage of the 1992 and 2012 United Nations conferences in Rio de Janeiro in British and Dutch national newspapers. We use a novel combination of methods, semantic co-word networks and metaphor analysis to analyse imagined futures. Our findings show that between 1992 and 2012 there was a switch from future-oriented hope to past-oriented disappointment regarding implementing international agreements on climate change policy. While the UK focused on global issues, the Netherlands focused on national (including colonial) and local ones, reflecting different views and expectations about the future of climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Taylor and Francis
2014
Article
PeerReviewed
Hellsten, Iina, Porter, Amanda and Nerlich, Brigitte (2014) Imagining the future at the global and national scale: a comparative study of British and Dutch press coverage of Rio 1992 and Rio 2012. Environmental Communication, online . ISSN 1752-4032 (In Press)
doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.911197
doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.911197
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:3610
2020-05-04T20:17:55Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535335
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/3610/
‘One cannot legislate kindness’: ambiguities in European legal instruments on non-custodial sanctions
Van Zyl Smit, Dirk
Snacken, Sonja
Hayes, David J.
Non-custodial sanctions, particularly those that are implemented in the community, have different historical roots in common and civil law jurisdictions. Nevertheless, various European instruments seek to shape the imposition and implementation of such sanctions uniformly across the continent. These instruments reflect an apparent consensus about penal values, culminating in 1992 with the adoption of the European Rules on Community Sanctions and Measures and of the Recommendation on Consistency in Sentencing. In spite of the apparent pan-European consensus, some tensions remained as a result of underlying doctrinal differences and of the compromises that were required to accommodate them.
In the 21st century further European initiatives have sought to go beyond the 1992 instruments and focus on ‘what works’ and on the development of probation services. In the process, the central objective of penal reductionism, so important in 1992, has become somewhat marginalised. This shortcoming can be addressed by reconsidering the approaches that had been rejected in the earlier search for consensus and by developing a more comprehensive understanding of the human rights safeguards to which all penal sanctions should be subject.
Sage
2014
Article
PeerReviewed
Van Zyl Smit, Dirk, Snacken, Sonja and Hayes, David J. (2014) ‘One cannot legislate kindness’: ambiguities in European legal instruments on non-custodial sanctions. Punishment and Society . ISSN 1462-4745 (In Press)
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/journals/Journal200845
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27811
2020-05-04T20:13:03Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:45647532
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27811/
The impact of a cognitive acceleration program in science on students in an academically selective high school
Venville, Grady
Oliver, Mary
This paper describes the impact of a thinking skills program in science on the cognition of students in an academically selective high school. The research followed a sequential explanatory design with the collection and analysis of quantitative data in the first phase followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data in the second phase. Participants were 582 Year 8 and Year 9 (ages 12 -14) high school students and their science teachers from eight schools who participated in Thinking Science, a two-year classroom intervention and teacher professional learning program. The schools included one academically selective high school (n=144) and seven non-academically selective schools (n=438). Quantitative data were collected by Piagetian reasoning tasks administered to all students before and after the intervention. Qualitative data included interviews with the head of science and three participating science teachers from the academically selective school. Over the two-year period, students from the academically selective school had a greater mean gain with a large effect size (d=0.995) when compared with the control (n=120) and when compared with other students who participated in the intervention with a medium effect size (d=0.687). The qualitative data indicated that science teachers in the academically selective school were committed to the intervention and explained how they had changed their pedagogy as a result of the professional learning program. More specifically, the teachers developed teaching strategies specific to the characteristics of their academically talented students that enabled them to participate in thinking activities such as metacognition and social construction. In conclusion, Thinking Science was a worthwhile intervention for all participating students, but particularly for students in the academically selective school where teachers were able to adapt their pedagogy and the approach to suit their students.
Elsevier
2014-11
Article
PeerReviewed
Venville, Grady and Oliver, Mary (2014) The impact of a cognitive acceleration program in science on students in an academically selective high school. Thinking Skills and Creativity . ISSN 1871-1871 (In Press)
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/thinking-skills-and-creativity/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27823
2020-05-04T16:53:15Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:456E67:456E6733
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27823/
Accelerated swell testing of artificial sulfate bearing lime stabilised cohesive soils
Buttress, A.J.
Grenfell, J.R.A.
Airey, Gordon
This paper reports on the physico-chemical response of two lime stabilised sulfate bearing artificial soils subject to the European Accelerated Volumetric Swell Test (EN13286-49). At various intervals during the test, a specimen was removed and subject to compositional and microstructural analysis. Ettringite was formed by both soils types, but with significant differences in crystal morphology. Ettringite crystals formed from kaolin based soils were very small, colloidal in size and tended to form on the surface of other particles. Conversely, those formed from montmorillonite were relatively large and typically formed away from the surface in the pore solution. It was concluded that the mechanism by which ettringite forms is determined by the hydroxide ion concentration in the pore solution and the fundamental structure of the bulk clay. In the kaolin soil, ettringite forms by a topochemical mechanism and expands by crystal swelling. In the montmorillonite soil, it forms by a through-solution mechanism and crystal growth.
Springer
2014-09-28
Article
PeerReviewed
Buttress, A.J., Grenfell, J.R.A. and Airey, Gordon (2014) Accelerated swell testing of artificial sulfate bearing lime stabilised cohesive soils. Materials and Structures . ISSN 1359-5997 (In Press)
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1617%2Fs11527-014-0428-y
doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0428-y
doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0428-y
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27844
2020-05-04T16:55:21Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633:4D65643337
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4D6564:4D65643633
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27844/
A randomised controlled trial of laser scanning and casting for the construction of ankle foot orthoses
Roberts, Andrew
Wales, Johanna
Smith, Heather
Sampson, Christopher James
Jones, Peter
James, Marilyn
Study Design: Randomised controlled trial with blinding of orthotists and patients to the construction technique used. Background: Three-dimensional laser scanning has been used for patient measurement for cranial helmets and spinal braces. Ankle foot orthoses are commonly prescribed for children with orthopaedic conditions. This trial sought to compare ankle foot orthoses produced by laser scanning or traditional plaster casting. Objectives: Assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of using laser scanning to produce AFOs. Methods: A randomised double blind trial comparing fabrication of AFOs from casts or laser scans. Results: The time spent in the rectification and moulding of scanned AFOs was around 50% less than for cast AFOs. A non-significant increase of 9 days was seen in the time to delivery to the patient for LSCAD/CAM. There was a higher incidence of problems with the scan-based AFOs at delivery of the device, but no difference in how long the AFOs lasted. Costs associated with laser scanning were not significantly different from traditional methods of AFO manufacture. Conclusions: Compared with conventional casting techniques laser scan based AFO manufacture neither significantly improved the quality of the final product nor delivered a useful saving in time.
International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics International
2014-10-21
Article
PeerReviewed
Roberts, Andrew, Wales, Johanna, Smith, Heather, Sampson, Christopher James, Jones, Peter and James, Marilyn (2014) A randomised controlled trial of laser scanning and casting for the construction of ankle foot orthoses. Prosthetics and Orthotics International . ISSN 0309-3646 (In Press)
http://poi.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/10/21/0309364614550263
doi:10.1177/0309364614550263
doi:10.1177/0309364614550263
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27850
2020-05-08T12:45:33Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535334
66756C6C746578743D7075626C6963
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27850/
This is not a pipeline
Legg, Stephen
Review of: Andrew Barry (2013) Material Politics: Disputes Along the Pipeline. Wiley-Blackwell: London
Sage
2014
Article
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27850/1/BARRY%20MATERIAL%20POLITICS%20REVIEW.pdf
Legg, Stephen (2014) This is not a pipeline. Dialogues in Human Geography . ISSN 2043-8206 (In Press)
http://dhg.sagepub.com/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27860
2020-05-08T11:46:07Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:45647532
66756C6C746578743D72657374726963746564
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27860/
Closed but provocative questions: curves enclosing unit area
Foster, Colin
This article describes a task leading to work on curve sketching, simultaneous equations and integration to find the area enclosed between two curves. An initial closed question is used to confront students with a provocative answer, which they then explore in a much more open-ended way.
Taylor & Francis Group
2014-11
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27860/1/Unit%20area%20between%20two%20curves%20FINAL.pdf
Foster, Colin (2014) Closed but provocative questions: curves enclosing unit area. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology . ISSN 0020-739X (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27873
2020-05-04T20:16:07Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636935
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27873/
Snakes and ladders in an inhomogeneous neural field model
Avitabile, Daniele
Schmidt, Helmut
Continuous neural field models with inhomogeneous synaptic connectivities are known to support traveling fronts as well as stable bumps of localized activity. We analyze stationary localized structures in a neural field model with
periodic modulation of the synaptic connectivity kernel and find that they are arranged in a snakes-and-ladders bifurcation structure. In the case of Heaviside firing rates, we construct analytically symmetric and asymmetric states and hence derive closed-form expressions for the corresponding bifurcation diagrams. We show that the ideas proposed by Beck and co-workers to analyze snaking solutions to the Swift--Hohenberg equation remain valid for the neural field model, even though the corresponding spatial-dynamical formulation is non-autonomous. We investigate how the modulation amplitude affects the bifurcation structure and compare numerical calculations for steep sigmoidal firing rates with analytic predictions valid in the Heaviside limit.
Elsevier
2014
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Avitabile, Daniele and Schmidt, Helmut (2014) Snakes and ladders in an inhomogeneous neural field model. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena . ISSN 0167-2789 (In Press)
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-d-nonlinear-phenomena/
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27883
2020-05-04T20:34:38Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636935
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27883/
Calcium induced calcium release during action potential firing in developing inner hair cells
Iosub, Radu
Avitabile, Daniele
Grant, Lisa
Tsaneva-Atanasova, Krasimira
Kennedy, Helen J.
In the mature auditory system inner hair cells (IHCs) convert sound induced vibrations into electrical signals that are relayed to the CNS via auditory afferents. Before the cochlea can respond to normal sound levels, developing IHCs fire calcium based action potentials that disappear close to the onset of hearing. Action potential firing triggers transmitter release from the immature IHC that in turn generates experience-independent firing in auditory neurons. These early signaling events are thought to be essential for the organization and development of the auditory system and hair cells.
A critical component of the action potential is the rise in intracellular calcium that activates both small conductance potassium channels essential during membrane repolarisation, and triggers transmitter release from the cell. Whether this calcium signal is generated by calcium influx or requires calcium induced calcium release (CICR) is not yet known. IHCs can generate CICR, but to date its physiological role has remained unclear.
Here, we used high and low concentrations of ryanodine to block or enhance CICR to determine whether calcium release from intracellular stores affected action potential waveform, inter-spike interval or changes in membrane capacitance during development of mouse IHCs. Blocking CICR resulted in mixed action potential waveforms with both brief and prolonged oscillations in membrane potential and intracellular calcium. This mixed behaviour is captured well by our mathematical model of IHC electrical activity. We perform two-parameter bifurcation analysis of the model that predicts the dependence of IHCs firing patterns on the level of activation of two parameters, the SK2 channels activation and CICR rate. Our data demonstrate that CICR forms an important component of the calcium signal that shapes action potentials and regulates firing patterns, but is not involved directly in triggering exocytosis. These data provide important insights into the calcium signalling mechanisms involved in early developmental processes.
Biophysical Society
Article
PeerReviewed
Iosub, Radu, Avitabile, Daniele, Grant, Lisa, Tsaneva-Atanasova, Krasimira and Kennedy, Helen J. Calcium induced calcium release during action potential firing in developing inner hair cells. Biophysical Journal . ISSN 0006-3495 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:27895
2020-05-04T20:17:05Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535334
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27895/
Anti-vice lives: peopling the archives of prostitution in interwar India
Legg, Stephen
Cambridge University Press
Fischer-Tine, Harald
Kramm-Masaoka, Robert
Pliley, Jessica
2014
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
Legg, Stephen (2014) Anti-vice lives: peopling the archives of prostitution in interwar India. In: Fighting drink, drugs, and ‘immorality’: global anti-vice activism, c. 1890-1950. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:28064
2017-10-19T14:11:20Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:417274:41727434:4172743435
66756C6C746578743D72657374726963746564
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28064/
What makes a thing abominable? Observations on the language of boundaries and identity formation from a social scientific perspective
Crouch, C.L.
Previous attempts to synthesise biblical texts’ usage of tw‘bh have associated the language with cultic concerns in Deuteronomy and Ezekiel or with ethical concerns in Proverbs. The reconciliation of these interests, especially in conjunction with a number of additional outlier texts, has proved problematic. This investigation suggests that the texts which use tw‘bh and t‘b exhibit a persistent focus on issues of identity, on the transgression of boundaries and on perceptions of the compatibility and incompatibility of fundamental social, theological and ideological categories. This understanding goes some way towards providing an explanation of the diverse appearances of these terms across the biblical texts.
Brill
2015
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28064/1/What%20makes%20a%20thing%20abominable%20Observations%20on%20the%20language%20of%20boundaries%20and%20identity%202014%2011%2012.pdf
Crouch, C.L. (2015) What makes a thing abominable? Observations on the language of boundaries and identity formation from a social scientific perspective. Vetus Testamentum . ISSN 0042-4935 (In Press)
http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15685330
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:28115
2020-05-04T17:06:27Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28115/
ArtMaps: interpreting the spatial footprints of artworks
Coughlan, Tim
Carletti, Laura
Giannachi, Gabriella
Benford, Steve
McAuley, Derek
Price, Dominic
Locatelli, Cristina
Sinker, Rebecca
Stack, John
Creating and utilizing simple links between items and locations in map-based systems has become a mainstream component of modern computing. In this paper, we explore support for ‘art mapping’, an activity that requires consideration of more complex interpretations of spatial relationships as users engage with identifying locations of relevance to artworks. Through a user study of the ArtMaps platform, and an exploratory study with professional artists, we identify diverse interpretations of spatial meaning in relation to art. We find that art mapping highlights potential for more active engagement with art through technology, but challenges existing systems for spatial representation. Through connecting our findings with work on designing for interpretation, and on space and place in HCI, we contribute new understanding of creating engagement through the spatial interpretation of art, and define potential characteristics and uses of holistic ‘footprints’ for artworks.
2015-04-18
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
Coughlan, Tim, Carletti, Laura, Giannachi, Gabriella, Benford, Steve, McAuley, Derek, Price, Dominic, Locatelli, Cristina, Sinker, Rebecca and Stack, John (2015) ArtMaps: interpreting the spatial footprints of artworks. In: CHI Conference (2015), 18-23 April 2015, Seoul, South Korea. (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:28243
2020-05-04T20:11:56Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:4C5353:4C535334
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28243/
Operation Pied Piper: a geographical reappraisal of the impact of wartime evacuation on scarlet fever and diphtheria rates in England and Wales, 1939–1945
Smallman-Raynor, Matthew
Cliff, Andrew
This paper examines the geographical impact of the British Government’s wartime evacuation scheme on notified rates of two common acute childhood diseases (scarlet fever and diphtheria) in the 1470 local government districts of England and Wales, 1939–1945. Drawing on the notifications of communicable diseases collated by the General Register Office (GRO), we establish pre-war (baseline) disease rates for the 1470 districts. For the war years, techniques of binary logistic regression analysis are used to assess the associations between (a) above-baseline (‘raised’) disease rates in evacuation, neutral and reception districts and (b) the major phases of the evacuation scheme. The analysis demonstrates that the evacuation was temporally associated with distinct national and regional effects on notified levels of disease activity. These effects were most pronounced in the early years of the dispersal (1939–1941) and corresponded with initial levels of evacuation-related population change at the regional and district scales.
Cambridge University Press
2015
Article
PeerReviewed
Smallman-Raynor, Matthew and Cliff, Andrew (2015) Operation Pied Piper: a geographical reappraisal of the impact of wartime evacuation on scarlet fever and diphtheria rates in England and Wales, 1939–1945. Epidemiology and Infection . ISSN 0950-2688 (In Press)
oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:28270
2020-05-04T17:09:45Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
74797065733D61727469636C65
6469766973696F6E733D554E4E43:432D456E67:432D456E6731
6469766973696F6E733D554E4D43:4D2D536369:4D2D53636934
6469766973696F6E733D554E554B:536369:53636933
66756C6C746578743D6E6F6E65
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28270/
Hybridising heuristics within an estimation distribution algorithm for examination timetabling
Qu, Rong
Pham, Duc Nam Trung
Bai, Ruibin
Kendall, Graham
This paper presents a hybrid hyper-heuristic approach based on estimation distribution algorithms. The main motivation is to raise the level of generality for search methodologies. The objective of the hyper-heuristic is to produce solutions of acceptable quality for a number of optimisation problems. In this work, we demonstrate the generality through experimental results for different variants of exam timetabling problems. The hyper-heuristic represents an automated constructive method that searches for heuristic choices from a given set of low-level heuristics based only on non-domain-specific knowledge. The high-level search methodology is based on a simple estimation distribution algorithm. It is capable of guiding the search to select appropriate heuristics in different problem solving situations. The probability distribution of low-level heuristics at different stages of solution construction can be used to measure their effectiveness and possibly help to facilitate more intelligent hyper-heuristic search methods.
Springer
2015-06-30
Article
PeerReviewed
Qu, Rong, Pham, Duc Nam Trung, Bai, Ruibin and Kendall, Graham (2015) Hybridising heuristics within an estimation distribution algorithm for examination timetabling. Applied Intelligence . ISSN 0924-669X (In Press)
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10489-014-0615-0
doi:10.1007/s10489-014-0615-0
doi:10.1007/s10489-014-0615-0
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