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Daniel, Priya and Rodrigo, Chamira and Bewick, Thomas and Sheppard, Carmen and Greenwood, Sonia and McKeever, Tricia M. and Trotter, Caroline and Lim, Wei Shen (2018) 13-Valent vaccine serotype pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia in adults in high clinical risk groups. Vaccine, 36 (12). pp. 1614-1620. ISSN 0264-410X

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Abstract

There is debate regarding the value of vaccinating adults with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13). This analysis was conducted to investigate the risk of PCV-13 serotype community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalised adults with co-morbid disease and risk factors for pneumococcal disease in the UK.

Consecutive adults hospitalised (2008-2013) with a primary diagnosis of CAP, were recruited. Pneumococcal aetiology disease was identified by use of pneumococcal urinary antigen detection and serotype identification using a validated multiplex immunoassay or serum latex agglutination. Adults with PCV-13 serotype CAP were compared to those with non-PCV-13 serotype CAP.

Of 2224 patients, PCV-13 serotype CAP was identified in 337 (15.2%) and non-PCV-13 serotype CAP in 250 (11.2%) individuals. Adults aged >/=65years with one or more clinical risk factors had a significantly lower risk of PCV-13 serotype CAP compared to those aged 16-64years without clinical risk factors (aOR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41-0.92, p=.018). In a stacked-risk analysis, the presence of incremental clinical risk factors was associated with lower odds of PCV-13 disease (p for trend=.029) Adults with underlying chronic respiratory disease (aOR) 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.85, p=.007) and chronic kidney disease (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.92, p=.028) had significantly lower adjusted odds of PCV-13 compared to non-PCV-13 serotype CAP.

This analysis suggests that in the UK, the burden of PCV13 disease is greater in adults outside the traditional 'at-risk' groups compared to adults in 'at-risk' groups.

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