Community acquired pneumonia incidence before and after proton pump inhibitor prescription: population based study

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Othman, Fatmah, Crooks, Colin J. and Card, Timothy R. (2016) Community acquired pneumonia incidence before and after proton pump inhibitor prescription: population based study. BMJ, 355 . i5813/1-i5813/9. ISSN 1756-1833

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Abstract

Objective

To examine the risk of community acquired pneumonia before and after prescription of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and assess whether unmeasured confounding explains this association.

Design

Cohort study and self controlled case series.

Setting

Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1990 to 2013) in UK.

Participants

Adult patients with a new prescription for a PPI individually matched with controls.

Main outcome measures

Association of community acquired pneumonia with PPI prescription estimated by three methods: a multivariable Cox model comparing risk in PPI exposed patients with controls, corrected for potential confounders; a self controlled case series; and a prior event rate ratio (PERR) analysis over the 12 month periods before and after the first PPI prescription.

Results

160 000 new PPI users were examined. The adjusted Cox regression showed a risk of community acquired pneumonia 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.55 to 1.79) times higher for patients exposed to PPI than for controls. In the self controlled case series, among 48 451 PPI exposed patients with a record of community acquired pneumonia, the incidence rate ratio was 1.19 (95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.25) in the 30 days after PPI prescription but was higher in the 30 days before a PPI prescription (1.92, 1.84 to 2.00). The Cox regressions for prior event rate ratio similarly showed a greater increase in community acquired pneumonia in the year before than the year after PPI prescription, such that the analysis showed a reduced relative risk of pneumonia associated with PPI use (prior event rate ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.99).

Conclusion

The association between the use of PPIs and risk of community acquired pneumonia is likely to be due entirely to confounding factors.

Item Type: Article
RIS ID: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/828608
Additional Information: Community acquired pneumonia incidence before and after proton pump inhibitor prescription: population based study. Fatmah Othman, Colin J. Crooks, Timothy R. Card. BMJ 2016;355:i5813 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5813
Schools/Departments: University of Nottingham, UK > Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Medicine > Division of Epidemiology and Public Health
University of Nottingham, UK > Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Medicine > Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5813
Depositing User: Claringburn, Tara
Date Deposited: 21 Nov 2016 13:58
Last Modified: 04 May 2020 18:21
URI: https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/38842

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