GPCRs through the keyhole: the role of protein flexibility in ligand binding to β-adrenoceptors

Emtage, Abigail L., Mistry, Shailesh N., Fischer, Peter M., Kellam, Barrie and Laughton, Charles A. (2016) GPCRs through the keyhole: the role of protein flexibility in ligand binding to β-adrenoceptors. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics . pp. 1-16. ISSN 1538-0254

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Abstract

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are proteins of pharmaceutical importance, with over 30% of all drugs in clinical use targeting them. Increasing numbers of X-ray crystal (XRC) structures of GPCRs offer a wealth of data relating to ligand binding. For the β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), XRC structures are available for human β2- and turkey β1-subtypes, in complexes with a range of ligands. While these structures provide insight into the origins of ligand structure-activity relationships (SARs), questions remain. The ligands in all published complexed XRC structures lack extensive substitution, with no obvious way the ligand-binding site can accommodate β1-AR-selective antagonists with extended side-chains para- to the common aryloxypropanolamine pharmacophore. Using standard computational docking tools with such ligands generally returns poses that fail to explain known SARs. Application of our Active Site Pressurisation modelling method to β-AR XRC structures and homology models, however, reveals a dynamic area in the ligand-binding pocket that, through minor changes in amino acid side chain orientations, opens a fissure between transmembrane helices H4 and H5, exposing intra-membrane space. This fissure, which we term the “keyhole”, is ideally located to accommodate extended moieties present in many high-affinity β1-AR-selective ligands, allowing the rest of the ligand structure to adopt a canonical pose in the orthosteric binding site. We propose the keyhole may be a feature of both β1- and β2-ARs, but that subtle structural differences exist between the two, contributing to subtype-selectivity. This has consequences for the rational design of future generations of subtype-selective ligands for these therapeutically important targets.

Item Type: Article
RIS ID: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/805343
Additional Information: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics on 17/08/2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/07391102.2016.1226197
Keywords: GPCRs, beta adrenergic receptor, modelling, docking, active site pressurisation, molecular dynamics, protein flexibility
Schools/Departments: University of Nottingham, UK > Faculty of Science > School of Pharmacy
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2016.1226197
Depositing User: Mistry, Dr Shailesh
Date Deposited: 10 Nov 2016 13:17
Last Modified: 04 May 2020 18:06
URI: https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/38626

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