Clostridium difficile modulates host innate immunity via toxin-independent and dependent mechanism(s)

Jafari, Nazilla V., Kuehne, Sarah A., Bryant, Clare E., Elawad, Mamoun, Wren, Brendan W., Minton, Nigel P., Allan, Elaine and Bajaj-Elliott, Mona (2013) Clostridium difficile modulates host innate immunity via toxin-independent and dependent mechanism(s). PLoS ONE, 8 (7). e69846/1-e69846/10. ISSN 1932-6203

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Abstract

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of hospital and community-acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and currently represents a significant health burden. Although the role and contribution of C. difficile toxins to disease pathogenesis is being increasingly understood, at present other facets of C. difficile-host interactions, in particular, bacterial-driven effects on host immunity remain less studied. Using an ex-vivo model of infection, we report that the human gastrointestinal mucosa elicits a rapid and significant cytokine response to C. difficile. Marked increase in IFN-γ with modest increase in IL-22 and IL-17A was noted. Significant increase in IL-8 suggested potential for neutrophil influx while presence of IL-12, IL-23, IL-1β and IL-6 was indicative of a cytokine milieu that may modulate subsequent T cell immunity. Majority of C. difficile-driven effects on murine bone-marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) activation were toxin-independent; the toxins were however responsible for BMDC inflammasome activation. In contrast, human monocyte-derived DCs (mDCs) released IL-1β even in the absence of toxins suggesting host-specific mediation. Infected DC-T cell crosstalk revealed the ability of R20291 and 630 WT strains to elicit a differential DC IL-12 family cytokine milieu which culminated in significantly greater Th1 immunity in response to R20291. Interestingly, both strains induced a similar Th17 response. Elicitation of mucosal IFN-γ/IL-17A and Th1/Th17 immunity to C. difficile indicates a central role for this dual cytokine axis in establishing antimicrobial immunity to CDI.

Item Type: Article
RIS ID: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/716076
Schools/Departments: University of Nottingham, UK > Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Life Sciences
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069846
Depositing User: Minton, Professor Nigel P
Date Deposited: 19 Nov 2013 14:20
Last Modified: 04 May 2020 16:37
URI: https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/2224

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